Effects of High Fructose Corn Syrup Essay -- HFCS Food

Abstract: This research essay will investigate the effects of High Fructose Corn Syrup. The liver is effected because the fructose—as it is being metabolized deposits fatty acids into the liver, it also develops cirrhosis, which has the same effect normally seen in alcoholics. High Fructose Corn Syrup increases cholesterol which blocks the inner walls of the arteries and may be fatal if not treated. High Fructose Corn Syrup was believed to be beneficial to diabetics, but studies show the they may actually promote more diseases. Obesity is a major problem, as High Fructose Corn Syrup does not release leptin—which is what signals the brain to stop eating, so society is prone to over consumption. It also alters the heart's use of other minerals and enables the appropriate minerals to reach the part of the body that needs them, (such as calcium for bones). Lack of the minerals cause osteoporosis which cause bones to become more fragile and easier to break. Dental caries are problemat ic because they cause toothaches and holes to form on the tooth—another effect of High Fructose Corn Syrup. It is human nature to have a sense of memento mori, even if it means becoming sick. High Fructose Corn Syrup, (High Fructose Corn Syrup) is the backbone of the USA in that it is ubiquitous and virtually everyone is affected by it. The High Fructose Corn Syrup in foods are known to hinder the liver, lead to diabetes, cause obesity, mineral deficiency, osteoporosis, and dental caries, as well as other diseases caused by the â€Å"trickle down effect.† Little is known about High Fructose Corn Syrup because it has only been used for 30 years, but what is known is that the bad outweighs the good. One of the organs that is directly effected by High Fructos... ...ture and harm of High Fructose Corn Syrup before it causes permanent damage. 6 Edgar, W.M. Nutritive Sweeteners. â€Å"Sugars and Dental Caries.† G.G. Birch and K.J. Parker. Englewood, NJ. 1982. Kapner, Adam. Medline Plus. US National Library of Medicine and national Institute of Health. 26 June, 2008. 23 July 2008. www.nlm.nih.gov Jefferson, Ashley. â€Å"The Negative Effects of High Fructose Corn Syrup on the Human Body Excluding Obesity, Diabetes and Kidney Failure.† 30, July, 2006. 23, July 2008. www.westonaprice.org Piersall, Wendy. Five Reasons to Avoid High Fructose Corn Syrup. The Fit Shack. 2008. 23, July 2008. www.thefitshack.com Mohr, Christopher R. High Fructose Corn Syrup. 1 May, 2005. www.diabeteshealth.com Osteoporosis: A debilitating disease that can be prevented and treated. National Osteoporosis Foundation. 27 July, 2008. 27 July, 2008. www.nof.com

Show on a Diagram How a Monopoly Firm Will Make Supernormal Profits by Restricting Ouput

Show on a diagram how a monopoly firm will make supernormal profits by restricting output. Discuss how the theory of contestable markets could impact on the price and output of a monopoly. Neo-classical theory defines monopoly as a market structure where one dominant firm supplies most or all output in the industry without facing competition because of high barriers to entry to the industry. The monopolist is a short run profit maximiser and due to the demand under a monopoly being moderately inelastic at any given price, the monopolist is said to be a price maker, unlike perfect competition where the firms are price takers. The diagram below shows the monopoly making supernormal profits by restricting output. The equilibrium profit maximising level of output is 0A where MC = MR, and price will be 0p. Supernormal profits are made, shown by the area on the diagram shaded red. If profit maximisation was not an objective for a monopoly, it might produce at the bottom of its average costs curve (AC). Thus, price being lower than P and quantity produced would be greater. However, because a monopoly is partly defined by wanting to profit maximise in the short run, this is not the case. C AC Price Quantity mR p A Demand 0 Under perfect competition, supernormal profits can only be made in the short run, due to low barriers to entry. The monopolist can earn supernormal profit in the short and long run due to not having to produce at the bottom of the AC curve and having high barriers to entry. These barriers to entry, preventing other potential new entrance from coming in and competing with the monopoly can take various forms. Perhaps the monopoly has control over the source of an essential raw material. Perhaps the monopoly has extremely strong brand loyalty and takes great care to protect its brand image and the loyalty of its consumers through extensive marketing. It has been shown that neo-classical theory suggests that high barriers to entry will earn supernormal profits for a monopoly. Contestable market theory, in which states that there is freedom of entry to the industry and where costs of exit are low, suggests that a monopoly will earn supernormal profits dependent to a large extent on the costs of exit from the industry. If the costs of exit from the industry are low, then the monopoly arguably won’t make supernormal profits in the long run. If a monopoly in the short run is charging high prices and earning supernormal profit, a competitor will enter the industry and take some market share from the monopolist by charging a lower price. The monopolist will react by reducing prices, forcing the new competitor out of the industry. This happens because the competitor cannot compete with the new lower prices set by the monopolist due to its costs being too high. Thus, if the costs of exit from the industry are low, it is worth the competitor entering the market and having earned supernormal profits in the short run. Though, once the competitor has left the industry and the monopolist raises its price again wanting to earn supernormal profits, another competitor will enter the industry reducing the monopolists overall profits and taking market share away from it. Clearly the only way to avoid potential competitors from adopting ‘hit and run’ tactics would be for the monopolist to price at a level where it only earned normal profits. In the long run the monopolist will increase output and decrease price, operating at the optimal level of output where MC = AC. Thus in conclusion it has been shown that a monopoly will make supernormal profits by restricting output. The monopoly chooses the output level to produce at, and wanting to profit maximise, it produces at the point where marginal costs equals marginal revenue. In contestable market theory, the established firm, the monopoly, must behave as if it operates in a perfectly competitive market to prevent ‘hit and run’ tactics by potential competitors, producing where MC = AC.

Harm the Environment of Air Pollution

HARM THE ENVIRONMENT OF AIR POLLUTION 1. Harm to human health and animal life on earth:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Air pollution on the human body and animals primarily via the respiratory tract as well as direct effects on the eyes and skin of the body. They cause diseases such as suffocation, acute pulmonary edema, a number of irritating contaminants for coughs, asthma, tuberculosis, lung cancer, causing bitter tears, cause allergies, itching on  skin, urticaria, stone dust and asbestos dust causes lung †¦ Are some of the most dangerous air pollutants cause cancer. The impact of pollutants on respiratory strong or weak, in part dependent on their solubility in water. If contaminants are soluble in water when the air we breathe, we will dissolve the liquid in the airways and impact on the agency. Nature into the lungs of a variety of pollutants has been linked to the presence of the aerosol in the air. Normally these contaminants do not penetrate deep into the trachea and bronchi, but thanks to the aerosol absorption which can penetrate deeper in the lungs and until the alveoli. Environmental pollution of air increased the proportion of people suffering from respiratory disease (pharyngitis, rhinitis, sinusitis), lower respiratory disease (pneumonia, asthma, tuberculosis), neurodegenerative diseases, diseasesheadaches, heart disease, skin diseases, eye diseases and allergies. In environments where the air is more polluted as the proportion of infected adults. In general, animal husbandry and wildlife are sensitive to air pollution is greater than man. In some major industrial countries, some animals have perished because of environmental pollution. . Harm to the plant: Most of these pollutants in ambient air have adverse effects to plants, causing adverse effects for agriculture and horticulture. Expression is making slow crop development, especially photochemical smog has caused great harm to the vegetables: lettuce, peas, rice, corn, fruit trees and other rooms  lan. The components of environmental pollution in the air as sulfuro SO2, HF hydrogen fluorid e, sodium chloride, NaCl, the vapor or dust from the manufacture of copper, lead, zinc, dying †¦ Especially the gas coming from the lime kiln  , hand-baked bricks, even if their concentration is low also slows the growth of plants, high concentrations of gold leaf work, as fruits are flat, cracked, was punched and higher level  the fruit and leaves were falling, necrotic. The type of rock dust clinging to tree leaves many also affect plant growth because of reduced chlorophyll contents of the process of plant photosynthesis. These plants have flower buds turned down on the ground are less affected by dust pollution than plants with flower buds to the sky. However, there are pollutants is good for plants, is to enhance plant growth, especially for algae such as phosphorus, nitrogen and carbon. 3. Damage to the material: In general, air pollution has negative effects, materials, textures and furniture and damaged equipment immediately. The air pollutants such as SO2, H2SO4, chloride, the sol air †¦ make steel rust and damage the weld metal and construction materials quickly. Therefore, reducing the life and works to speed up repairs. The stones used in construction will be damaged if the air contains more CO2 because the CO2 is high humidity will combine with moisture to form carbonic acid H2CO3, we causticity,  forming long slit trench on the rocks. The copper oxide pollutants, sulfur oxides have negative effects for textiles, paper and leather. With the advent of supersonic aircraft noise pollution has caused a very dangerous aircraft. The supersonic blast emits the sound (sound bombs) with high pressure in excess of 100 N/m2. The explosion sound is capable of building structural damage such as broken windows. 4. The effects of pollution on climate: Environmental pollution of air without adversely affecting the climate of the region but also affect global climate. Affect the global climate is reflected in the formation of the greenhouse effect of CO2 levels, global temperatures increase, raising sea levels or the ozone hole phenomenon, umbrella protects life on  Earth from ultraviolet radiation from the sun destroy †¦ Here are some of the effects of pollution on local climate. a. High temperatures: Daily minimum temperature in urban areas than rural high around 2 – 5oC and mean annual temperature is generally higher than 0. 5 to 1. 3 oC. It is caused by fuel combustion and the production process by the method of processing large amounts of heat radiating heat already in the atmosphere, and surface area of uildings, roads, yards occupy much, they draw picturessolar surface has more trees in the countryside. On the other hand, vacuum thermal evaporation in the city less than in rural areas. In contrast, the relative humidity of the air in cities than in rural low 2-8%. b. Reduced solar radiation and increase the cloud:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The smoke dust, smog pollution of urban air absorption effect from 10 to 20% of solar radiation and reducing visibility, ie reducing the transparency of the atmosphere. The dust, the aerosol produced by the operation, traffic and human activity released into the air can create condensation nuclei of water vapor in the atmosphere. Water vapor deposition in urban areas is often greater in rural areas from 50 to 10%. Based on the scientific and technical achievements today humans can actively control a variation in climate as methods of reducing artificial fog at the airport, making artificial rain, meltHurricane †¦

Product attribute

In today’s security-conscious world, proper identification is of utmost importance. People from different sectors – from the federal and state employees, hospital workers, and the airline employees and even students, are required to wear their badges or identification cards. To keep up with the fast-paced era, BadgeWorks created badge holders, lanyards, ID chains and necklaces which are not only strong enough to withstand workday hazards but stylish and functional as well, to be used anytime of the day.The badge holders and lanyards are 30 inches long and assembled in multi-stranded wire for extra strength and durability. It comes with two plastic and metal snap clips to securely hold the badge in place. The functionality and fashionability of the badge holders is provided by the clips, which are available in oval or rectangular shapes; gold- or silver-plated. Just remove the badge and connect the clip to the plastic snaps to turn the badge holder into a double-stranded choker.The badge holders, lanyards and necklaces were manufactured using the finest products from China – the excellent quality pink and black freshwater pearls from the North; the excellent plating and casting workmanship from the South; and the specialization in beading and leather making from other regions in China all contributed to the excellent quality of this product.BadgeWorks offers a great deal for corporations who would like to avail the products in wholesale. Different styles can be made available to the client. BadgeWorks also offer customized design for a corporation, which may include corporate logos, crests, slogans, pictures or colors. At a very reasonable amount, BadgeWork could also design raised or stamped metal pieces, epoxy parts, leather in various sizes and colors, gems or jewels, and badge reels with custom logo or custom-printed lanyards.Products are packaged in lovely drawstring organza bags for added fashion sense.REFERENCESBadge-Works, LLC. Retri eved August 17, 2007. Website: http://www.badge-works.com.

Importance of Beauty Industry and Ethical Issues

Cosmetic improvements can make people feel better about themselves but can also make others that cannot afford or obtain such services feel worse. However, the debate as been raging as to whether or not the billion dollar beauty industry is worthwhile in the modern society. The beauty industry is very diverse and has multiple players.Players involved in this diverse industry include the dealers in the beauty products, the cosmetics, services for improving appearance like exercise machines, nutritional beauty products and above all the end users of all these products (Simms, 1998).Considering the rate at which the beauty industry has been growing, it would be important to analyze whether it impacts the current society positive or not. My analysis will examine the importance of the industry to the players and the society in general. In addition I will look at the various ethical concerns presented by the beauty industry and how possibly they should be solved in order to have the indust ry continue benefiting the society. The highest number of consumers of the beauty products in the current world and in deed over the centuries is undoubtedly women.Women generally adopt the idea of self-grooming at a very tender age (Gillespie, 1996). Unlike men, women have a natural interest in their looks and physical presentation and in most cultures; they believe that good looks and physical attraction is expected of them. Women therefore find it hard to escape such sociocultural norms and as they grow up they internalized the norms such that they simply become unaware of their motivations to seek beauty (Black, 2004). Nevertheless, the modern man has been quite conscious of his looks and physical appearance (Sullivan, 2001).The motivation behind men’s growing interest in physical attraction is a debate for another day; however, the importance of beauty products and services to these users is clear. The users of beauty products and services always want to experience body empowerment, pleasure as well as freedom from appearance (Haiken, 1997). Society associates good looks and great physical attraction to power and therefore those who possess such qualities would avert competition in marriage and other social spheres of life. The pleasure of having a good body elevates one’s esteem.The beauty industry therefore provides an opportunity for those who feel bad about their physical looks to transform it according to one’s own societal ‘standard’ (Morgan, 1992). Apart from the freedom it offers the users to improve their looks; the aesthetic industry is currently a multibillion dollar industry. From the manufacturers of various beauty products, to millions of users across the globe, the beauty industry is considered one of the top revenue earners in various economies around the world and therefore justifies its existence in toady modern world (Hiscock & Lovett, 2004).Despite the importance of the beauty industry to the various p layers and economies, the industry has been receiving criticism for its unethical practices (Brumberg, 1997). There has been a growing public outcry with regards to the industry’s unsustainable business practices especially with respect to the environment. Manufacturers of beauty products have always faced criticism for testing their products on animals, unsustainable sourcing for raw materials as well as for causing chemical pollution.But due to consistent pressure from the media, the consumers and the retailers, aesthetic industry especially the cosmetic companies are shaping up to be counted as good corporate citizens. Many corporate bodies in the aesthetic industry are investing a lot in CSR programs as well as in other sustainability initiatives. For example, the Body Shop has been embarking on ethical sourcing while others like Yves Rocher have been focusing on preservation of biodiversity (Organic Monitor, 2010).A number of beauty companies have opted to take holistic approach to the issue of ethics and sustainable business practices. These companies are now reducing the environmental effects of their products by opting to greener formulations, decreasing packaging of most of their products and also reducing greenhouse gas emissions as well as water and energy consumption. In addition, they are also considering the social dimension of their businesses and operations. These include ethical supply from their supplies and social responsibilities through corporate philanthropy.In its recent strategic report, Organic Monitor (2010) found that most companies are investing in greener formulations and sustainable packaging in order to reduce the environmental footprint caused by the various cosmetic products. The report suggests that packaging is getting high interest because most companies in the aesthetic industry have realized the high environmental impact most of their cosmetic products have had on the environment. As a result companies are now looki ng for biodegradable plastics, recyclable materials as well as other innovative ways to lower environmental degradation (Brandweek, n. d).ConclusionThe beauty industry has more to offer to the modern society in terms of monetary value and desired body image. Although, some may not be able to access or afford the most expensive cosmetic products like plastic surgery, the benefits far outweighs the concerns of the minority who would have to contend with their natural looks. But even as the industry remains relevant and beneficial to the current society, it has to treat the ethical issues raised as a matter of urgency.A sustainable business practice would not only benefit the consumers and the society but also ensure a continued operation by the cosmetic companies within a sustainable environment. Although, a few companies have seen this importance of this, more need to be done.ReferencesBlack, P. (2004). The Beauty Industry: Gender, Culture, Pleasure, Routledge: New York. Brandweek, ( n. d). Study: Natural Beauty Products Flooding the Market. Retrieved on August 21, 2010, from http://www. brandweek.com/bw/content_display/news-and-features/packaging-and-design/e3id5cad753451dc1bfe073efb89ddb9730 Brumberg, J. (1997).The Body Project: An Intimate History of American Girls. Random House: New York. Gillespie, R. (1996).Women, the Body Brand Extension in Medicine: Cosmetic Surgery and the Paradox of Choice. Women and Health Vol. 24. Haiken, E. (1997).Venus Envy: A History of Cosmetic Surgery. Johns Hopkins University Press: Baltimore. Hiscock, J. & Lovett, F. (2004).Beauty Therapy, 2nd Heinemann: London Organic Monitor, (2010, May 19).CSR & Sustainability: How the Beauty Industry Is Cleaning Up. Retrieved on August 21, 2010, from http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:WvoQqIjRJqcJ:www.npicenter. com/anm/anmviewer.asp%3Fa%3D27277%26z%3D2+Beauty+Industry+Ethics&cd=7&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=ke&client=firefox-a Morgan, K. (1992).Women and the Knife: Cosmetic Surgery and the Colonization of Women's Bodies. Hypatia Vol. 6: 25-53. Simms, J. (1998).A Practical Guide to Beauty Therapy for Nvq Level 2, 2nd edition, Nelson Thomes: New York. Sullivan, D. (2001). Â  

U.S. governments generic drugs policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

U.S. governments generic drugs policy - Essay Example This study is concerned with prevention of erosion of the viability of Pharmaceutical Companies and ways in which these companies will re-invent themselves to stand out against the crisis in addition to what economic forces will influence their ultimate survival.This proposal seeks to study the impact of price control on generics medicines on the pharmaceutical companies of the U.S. and how they should face the challenges to survive the impact. This proposal sets the outline for studying the impact of the U.S. Government's generic drugs policy, how it affects the pharmaceutical industry and how the companies should address the situation in order to stay competitive and continue to meet the dynamic and ever growing health care needs. The situation is alarming as many drugs will go off-patent with the result, the pioneering pharmaceutical companies will be pitted against the rest of the world in surviving the competition from generic drugs market unless they continue to innovate and in vent newer drugs for existing and new diseases. This study will identify the interplay of economic theories that underpin the survival of pharmaceutical industry in the wake of increased competition in generics market.World pharmaceutical sales are estimated to grow by 5 -6 % in 2008 as opposed to 6 -7 % growth in 2007... d in the increase of use of low cost generics, accelerated payer pressure, limited access to some therapies and increased safety measures that lead to the slowing down and stopping of introduction of new drugs. On the other hand, the emerging markets called "pharmerging" markets of China, India, Brazil, Mexico, South Korea, Turkey and Russia are expected to register an increase of 12-13% in consumption of drugs due to greater access to generic drugs, improvement in primary care and increased interest to take private health insurance. In the U.S, there will be soon the end of Medicare Part D rhetoric as a result of pressures on price increase, patent expiries and increased safety measures taken by the FDA. The forecast says that the shift will be in terms of absolute growth in cancer drugs, anti-diabetic drugs, angiotensin II antagonists, respiratory drugs and psychiatric drugs. In Diabetics treatment alone 9%-10% growth is expected (IMS Health Incorporated 2008) Pharmaceutical companies are watched out to check on profit generation. The UK government, for instance, under its PPRS allows the companies to set their prices but keep their earned profit margins within the agreed upon limit. Any extra profit should be submitted to the NHS. OFT has recommended that the Pharmaceutical Price Regulation Scheme (PPRS) should be reformed, so that they can use money from NHS to manufacture drugs with the greatest benefits for patients. (Office of Fair Trade: Pharmaceutical Price Regulation Scheme). Though the WTO's newly adopted measures seek to give greater guarantee to the R & D efforts of pharmaceutical companies to the developed countries, it will not give any corresponding benefits to original inventor pharmaceutical companies in the U.S. and other developed countries due

Globalization of the Korean Auto Industry Research Paper

Globalization of the Korean Auto Industry - Research Paper Example State also opted for industry restructuring/ regulating, and concentrated on export led strategy. Rise in domestic demand due to the betterment of economic condition of the country, further enhanced the auto industry of Korea. It took Korea barely three decades to move along the learning curve and secure the place of fifth largest automobile manufacturer in the world. It is notable that exports and foreign auto manufacturers have played a key role in supporting and pulling through the industry in the worst times. This paper throws light on the road taken and success achieved by the Korean automobile industry along with its impact on the economy of Korea. It also aims to explain the reasons for its global competitiveness and what distinguishes it from American automobile industry. The next section of the paper would compare the Korean and American automobile industries which would then be elaborated by an example. It would be followed by the challenges faced currently by the Korean au tomobile industry. Lastly, the paper would conclude with some recommendations to tackle the challenges. Korean Auto Industry Development The history of Korean Automobile Industry can be traced back to 1960s when the Government of Korea took a policy decision to develop auto industry in the country. In the first five year plan of the country, initiated in 1962, emphasis was laid on the creation of indigenous automotive industry. In its initial phase, i.e. in 1960s, the automobile majors were largely involved in assembling of semi knocked down and fully knocked down kits which were nothing but imported components of automobiles. To ease out the conditions for the development of the industry, the state banned import of fully assembled cars although it encouraged foreign partnerships for transfer of technology to the domestic players. With the support of the state, the industry progressed to give rise to four major players which were Hyundai, Kia, Daewoo and Samsung Motors. Hyundai was formed in 1967 with the aim of manufacturing a wholly indigenous car. It started on the learning curve by creating an assembly line to assemble fully knocked down kits. It tied up with Ford, Mitsubishi and Honda for technology transfers in order to initiate local manufacturing of automobiles. It was not until 1976, that Korea achieved the feat of manufacturing automobiles domestically. After eighteen technology transfers, from its foreign partners, Hyundai launched ‘Pony’, in 1976. Pony was the first Korean developed automobile (Korean Development Bank 175). It also holds the distinction of being the first Korean car to be exported. In 1985, Hyundai achieved the landmark quality certifications to meet the quality requirements of EEC, Canada and America which enabled it to export to these geographies also apart from Middle East and Africa. Kia, another automobile firm owned by a chaebol (large Korean business house) was established in 1971. Kia started its product line w ith three wheeled trucks and in a span of three years graduated to manufacture four wheel vehicles. Kia produced its first passenger car ‘Brisa’, in 1974 in technological partnership with Japan’s Honda. Similarly Shinjin Motors (now Daewoo) tied up with Japan’s Toyota to acquire capital and technical knowhow in automobile production. In 1972, Toyota’s share was taken over by General Motors which steered the firm to become the largest automobile