The Fall From Moral Perfection - 1442 Words

Ellen Jo Marrero Professor Lou Ann Trost Humanities Honors 1A 22 November 2016 The Fall from Moral Perfection Civilization, although a simple and natural state of mankind, is a triumph of mind over matter, of reason over instinct, and of the distinctly human over mankind’s animal nature. The concept of civilization is widely used to relate to a complex and advanced society, as well as ancient cultures that flourished centuries ago, which left a significant mark on how a society functions in modern times. In the context of early civilizations, the domestication of animal-like figures in the world’s history brought about impurity of thought and deed, while simultaneously paved the way for growth and advancement. In the Epic of Gilgamesh, Enkidu’s transition from pure innocence to civilization after being tamed by Shamhat grants him the gift of growth and progress which enables him to have a refined sense of a full human experience in his short mortal life. Enkidu’s character functions as a mediating figure between the wilderness and the civilized city as he demonst rates the unharmonious relationship between nature and the individual. In the city, people indulge in unnecessary luxuries, often ignoring and damaging natural creations. On the other hand, however, those in the wilderness are constantly feared by the civilized with the preconceived notion that they are barbaric and animal-like. Created a wild man, Enkidu was more animal than man, therefore he was immune toShow MoreRelatedWhat Is A Good Life?1139 Words   |  5 Pagesstandard of living. Indeed, following austere morals and ethics may lead to an unsatisfying life. For instance, adopting Singer’s approach to absolute morality, as outlined in â€Å"Famine, Affluence, and Morality† would pose a significant hindrance to one’s pursuit of a good life. An approach more conducive to a satisfying lifestyle is moral balancing, a phenomena described by Cornelissen et al in â€Å"Rules or Consequences? The Role of Ethical Mind-Sets in Moral Dynamics†. Ultimately, it is humanity’s chiefRead MoreThe Problem Of Evil And Moral Evil1093 Words   |  5 Pagesthe form of nature. Natural evil and moral evil are two different types of evil that take form and cause suffering to humans. Natural evil is â€Å"events and maladies in nature that bring suffering upon mankind and nature.† Natural evil can be difficult to explain because it does not seem likely that a tornado or hurricane is the result of a human acting in sinful ways. Moral evil has to do with the bad things people do to cause suffering. According to Reese, moral evil is â€Å"by the choice of human freeRead MoreAristotle s Views On God997 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent perspectives, distinguishing good from bad is extremely difficult. 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In the end of his experiment he ended up not being able to reach or achieve his goal but learned a very crucial, very valuable lessonRead More Eugenics: Breeding and Improving Human Genetics Essay1704 Words   |  7 Pagesdefining eugenics as the study of human genetics to improve inherited characteristics of the human race by the means of controlled selective breeding. Chapter 8 of Kitchers novel, Inescapable Eugenics, identifies past abuses of eugenics resulting from inaccurate, misleading information; abuses that include dominant groups using eugenics to discriminate against other undesirable groups. In 1933, the Nazis exercised eugenics as a direct way to rid individuals who were portrayed as unfit or inferiorRead MoreA comparison of Augustinian Theodicy and Irenaean Theodicy1499 Words   |  6 PagesThe problem of evil is a significant and enduring philosophical and theological debate. 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Continuing, Leibniz explains that man’s limited perfection causes a lack of good, in contrast to just an unequivocal evil, that consequently allows the ability forRead MoreThe Quest to Moral Perfection 1689 Words   |  7 PagesMorality: it is a term that is questioned at every corner of every day. The moral idea ranges from something small such as helping an old women cross the street, to the extreme such as the recent actions taken by politicians to limit public union rights in Wisconsin. Dictating the difference between right and wrong has been an issue that dates to the times before Christ, where the idea of moral perfection was used to determine one’s right of passage into heaven. It was not until Benjamin FranklinRead MoreChivalry Of Sir Gawain And The Green Knight904 Words   |  4 Pagesknights from hundreds of years ago. Much like the courageous soldiers in these movies, Sir Gawain in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, faced many conflicts that might have questioned his moral code of nobleness. Sir Gawain was a great knight that was loyal to King Arthur and had the courage to take on the challenge the Green Knight proposed at the beginning of the poem. The Green Knight asks for a brave knight to strike him and in a years’ time for the challenger to receive the strike back from him.Read MoreAnalysis Of Oscar Wildes The Picture Of Dorian Gray1118 Words   |  5 Pagesconscious and unconscious mind† (Myers 514). He focuses on the importance of the equal balance to avoid internal conflict, as well as harm to others around a character. The id character contains distinct characteristics that are present from birth and derive from primal instincts. Although a character’s id cannot be influenced, because of the unconscious development, they are hugely influential towards others. In â€Å"The Picture of Dorian Gray†, Lord Henry takes on the role of the id character. He posses

Coca-Cola vs Pepsi Free Essays

Coca Cola and Pepsi are the two most popular and widely recognized beverage brands in the United States. Pepsi and Coca Cola contrast each other on their taste, its associated colors and themes, and ingredients. Coca-Cola and Pepsi differentiate in more ways than one. We will write a custom essay sample on Coca-Cola vs Pepsi or any similar topic only for you Order Now Coca-Cola has more of a coke flavor taste. It is fizzier than that of Pepsi. It is smoother going down, and after about six hours it changes flavor and becomes more watery and bitter. When you drink it doesn’t feel as hard on your teeth as Pepsi. Pepsi on the other hand has a sweeter taste than that of Coca Cola due to the addition of artificial sweeteners and leaves a mild chemical taste after you drink it. When drinking Pepsi compared to Coca Cola, Pepsi tends to have a more â€Å"fruity† taste to it. Additionally when drinking Pepsi the bubbles maintain all the way down your throat. If left sitting out for six hours Pepsi becomes stronger in flavor. By way of color, Coca-Cola is red, a warmer color and Pepsi is blue, a cooler color. The color trademarks indicate the particular culture about the product. Coca-Cola openly uses themes involving family, love, Christmas, and hospitality because they suggest warmness. As a matter of fact, it has found its way through holidays particularly valentine’s days, national and patriotic holidays and sports. Even white bears were used to advertise the product! This is the usual theme commonly used for Coca-Cola. For Pepsi, since it started later than the Coca-Cola, they had to think of a better way to distinguish itself from then popular brand, and the best choice was blue. As a result, from starting out with the opposite color, they had to continue with everything else about Coca-Cola. Blue became the basic theme of Pepsi. Unlike Coca-Cola, everything in the Pepsi website indicated the cooler color. On the Pepsi website they claim that everything is blue and new! The modern trend has been what Pepsi uses to target teenagers. Coca-Cola and Pepsi have a lot of the same ingredients. Although Coca-Cola claims they do not have sugars in their soda so the sugar must come from the other ingredients. Coca-Cola contains carbonated water, high fructose corn syrup, caramel color, Phosphoric Acid, Caffeine, and Natural Flavoring. Pepsi contains carbonated water, high fructose corn syrup, caramel color, phosphoric acid, caffeine, citrus acid, sugar and natural flavoring. The difference in ingredients of Coca-Cola and Pepsi is the amount of sugar, citrus acid, and amount of caffeine. In conclusion to the taste of the two sodas, their colors, themes, and ingredients Coca-Cola and Pepsi are comparable in many other ways than that mentioned! How to cite Coca-Cola vs Pepsi, Papers

Effectiveness of Airasia’s Performance Measurement System free essay sample

We could see that this system used by AirAsia is successful as they have been doing really well and improving since year 2001 from first airline in the world to introduce mobile booking, to be a public listed company on the Malaysia Stocks Exchange (Bursa Malaysia), after having on 22 November 2004. In line with its growth and expansion plans, AirAsia has secured a 175 aircraft commitment with Airbus for its A320s. The 175 aircraft order will place AirAsia as the single largest customer for the aircraft in Asia-Pacific, and potentially one of the largest airline fleets in the region. On 23 of March 2006, AirAsia successfully moved its operations to the new Low Cost Carrier Terminal (LCCT). This is a major milestone as it is the first dedicated terminal for low cost carrier operations in the world. Besides that, they have achieved many more heights even in the past 2 year. AirAsia are focus on its performance measurement system and made sure that whatever they do are in line with the system and try as hard to meet its benchmark. We will write a custom essay sample on Effectiveness of Airasia’s Performance Measurement System or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For example, to ensure the safety of guest and employees, the â€Å"List of Checks for Airbus A320† is created. These safety procedures include strict aircraft maintenance, constant updating and training of technicians and flight crew. Once any problems occur during this checklist, immediate action will be taken, making sure it is safe and no problems will occur. Because if the safety are threaten, it will influence the investors, potential customers and rest of the stakeholders to loose confidence in AirAsia, making it hard for AirAsia to achieve their vision. With all this achievements, awards and significant milestones in just 6 years, it is obvious to see that the performance measurement system that AirAsia is using is effective and efficient. This system set a very good benchmark to all the key elements in helping AirAsia achieve its vision and goals. By following the system, AirAsia gives priority on areas like cost efficiency, branding, product development, growth, human capital, safety of guest and employee. The performance measurement system applied manage identify prominent areas that will affect its business and lead it towards its goal and vision. Effectiveness of Airasia’s Performance Measurement System free essay sample We could see that this system used by AirAsia is successful as they have been doing really well and improving since year 2001 from first airline in the world to introduce mobile booking, to be a public listed company on the Malaysia Stocks Exchange (Bursa Malaysia), after having on 22 November 2004. In line with its growth and expansion plans, AirAsia has secured a 175 aircraft commitment with Airbus for its A320s. The 175 aircraft order will place AirAsia as the single largest customer for the aircraft in Asia-Pacific, and potentially one of the largest airline fleets in the region. On 23 of March 2006, AirAsia successfully moved its operations to the new Low Cost Carrier Terminal (LCCT). This is a major milestone as it is the first dedicated terminal for low cost carrier operations in the world. Besides that, they have achieved many more heights even in the past 2 year. AirAsia are focus on its performance measurement system and made sure that whatever they do are in line with the system and try as hard to meet its benchmark. We will write a custom essay sample on Effectiveness of Airasia’s Performance Measurement System or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For example, to ensure the safety of guest and employees, the â€Å"List of Checks for Airbus A320† is created. These safety procedures include strict aircraft maintenance, constant updating and training of technicians and flight crew. Once any problems occur during this checklist, immediate action will be taken, making sure it is safe and no problems will occur. Because if the safety are threaten, it will influence the investors, potential customers and rest of the stakeholders to loose confidence in AirAsia, making it hard for AirAsia to achieve their vision. With all this achievements, awards and significant milestones in just 6 years, it is obvious to see that the performance measurement system that AirAsia is using is effective and efficient. This system set a very good benchmark to all the key elements in helping AirAsia achieve its vision and goals. By following the system, AirAsia gives priority on areas like cost efficiency, branding, product development, growth, human capital, safety of guest and employee. The performance measurement system applied manage identify prominent areas that will affect its business and lead it towards its goal and vision.

Ontario Childcare Licensing Day Nurseries Manual an Example of the Topic All Posts by

Ontario Childcare Licensing Day Nurseries Manual Introduction Children are blessings and they need to be well taken care of especially during their early years of life. Many parents are normally worried about their children once they attain the school going age. Parents normally have so many fears concerning the childrens new environment since they know very well that their children will interact with very new people. These fears are greatly related to the sanitation practices in nursery schools. The other fear is normally in relation to administration of medication to the children. There is also the aspect of behavior management in children. Need essay sample on "Ontario Childcare Licensing Day Nurseries Manual" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed A look at Ontario childcare licensing day nurseries manual shows that there are various policies and procedures that deal with behavior management, sanitary practices and administration of medication. These policies and also procedures dealing with the children act as guidelines which stipulated how the children should be treated in terms of their sanitation, their administration as well as their medication. This paper is dealing with these policies and procedures. Thus the behavior management in all the nursery schools is very important. (Rudolf, 2000) Behavior management Before one starts working with children in nursery schools every member of staff, student and volunteer is required to sign a policy of behavior management. This policy agreement is significantly important since it guides the people interacting with the children in the nurseries handle the children in the acceptable manner. This normally includes various issues that are of great importance while handling the children. First of all, this policy says that no form of corporal punishment is allowed on the children in any time whatsoever irrespective of the childrens misbehavior. According to the Day Nurseries Act, corporal punishment includes slapping, grabbing, biting, pinching, shaking, pushing and hitting. All these acts or behavior practices are not allowed in schools and there are consequences which would follow any person who cares for the children and applies the corporal punishment on them. The Day Nurseries Act ensures that the child is actually totally protected from any existing harm in their environment. According to the Act, humiliation of the child is not allowed from the childs caregivers especially in the school environment. This includes degrading the children and making them feel lesser that their fellows, teasing and also using abusive language on the children, taunting the children and also being sarcastic on the children. If any of the above listed humiliating actions are done on the children either physically or verbally then they are against the Day Nurseries Act. It is not allowed to confine a child in a room alone as it is not safe. This policy states that a child should not be deprived of the basic needs whatsoever while in school they should be allowed to freely have their needs met such as the provision of food, clothing and also shelter. These basic needs are virtually important for the children and therefore their teachers have to adhere to this. The Ontario childcare licensing day nurseries manual has the behavior management policy that clearly has guidelines as to the behavior that we should have towards the children. This means that at any instance should never be used as a form of punishment to the child. This includes the threats during lunch time or during snack. This helps to ensure that children always have access to these basic needs because they are very essential for their growth. The behavior management policy states teachers or volunteers have to ensure that access to liquids has always to be available to the child. Liquids in this case include water and juice among others. This are also very essential as many children always feel thirsty when they are in school whether they are in class or when they are outdoors playing. (Rudolf, 2000). Similarly according to the Act the children should not be put in a position where they are forced to eat excessive excessively. Children should thus be allowed to eat only that which can satisfy them and they should not be threatened and also forcefully told to eat their food. The behavior management policy also requires that a child should not be reprimanded in any way just because he or she failed to use the toilet. This means that a child should not be punished for this reason. This helps to protect the child and help the child to freely tell their seniors when they have the need of using the toilet. On the other hand if the child is reprimanded for not using the toilet then the child may develop a lot of fear and they will not be free when it comes to the toileting issues. The behavior management policy also states that a child should never be reprimanded or rather punished just because he or she has failed to fall asleep during the time that he or she should rest. This means that the child should be told on the importance of sleep and why it is very needful for them to sleep. This is a practice that many teachers can easily do so the policy is really against it. The policy requires that when an adult observes any mistreatment on a child, he or she must report the incident immediately. It is illegal for a child to receive any form of mistreatment from their caregivers as well as their teachers in the school environment. In case this happens it can then be reported to the supervisor of the center. This is actually a legal responsibility. In case any violation occurs then the supervisor in charge of the center has to review the whole contravention with the person who is involved. The supervisor then has to outline the necessary and acceptable methods that are required. In case of intentional harm on a child then the person who is involved has to be dismissed immediately from the centre. Administration of medication According to the Day Nurseries Act, medication given to children has to be in its original container. The container has to be labeled with the childs name. The label also has to include name of the medication, the date that it was purchased and clearly show the instructions concerning the dosage. By properly labeling the childrens medications the teachers in the school environments avoid any form of accidents which would occur when the children are given the wrong prescriptions. This should also include how the medicine needs to be stored. The Ontario Licensing Day Nurseries manual indicates that any form of medication that has to be given to a child must be prescribed by a doctor. This helps to protect the child from being given wrong prescriptions by the teachers or even volunteers. Medicines should also be kept out of the reach of the children. This would similarly help in reducing the number of accidents which occur in the children that are caused by the wrong storage of any medication. According to medication procedures, it is a requirement that graduated instruments need to be at hand at all times. These should be at least one dozen and also be the clear type of instruments. It is a requirement that a graduated instrument has to be used at all times when medication is being administered. (Rudolf, 2000) The Ontario childcare licensing day nurseries manual requires that when medication is being administered, in no instances should household equipment be used. These include household spoons. This is important as it helps to prevent any wrong measurements of the drugs or medicine that is administered to the child. Just in case any changes are required concerning the medication that is being administered to the child, then both the staff member and the parent have to sign and also indicate the specific changes and the dates that the changes were made. This helps a great deal in avoiding situations where a child is being given to different types of drugs when he or she should just be taking one of them. Just in case an accidental administration of medication is done then a call has to be placed to the poison control center whereby the necessary remedies will be advised to the teacher and the parent. According to the administration of medication procedures, it is a requirement that all medication has to be stored in a locked medicine cabinet. This is to help avoid accidents or incidences where children access medicine and take it without the consent of the teacher. This is very dangerous and can lead to serious health problems in the affected children. Children in nursery school going age are very curious and can easily access medicine if stored within their reach. Medication creams on the other hand do not have to be stored in a container that is locked. They still have to be kept out of childrens reach. In case there is any accidental administration of medication, it has to be reported to the supervisor and recorded too for any further reference. If this happens the Ontario childcare licensing day nurseries manual requires that the childs parent has to be notified immediately. That is why the staff needs to keep the records of each child well including the parents contacts so that they can easily be notified in such incidences. (Rudolf, 2000) It is a requirement that designated staff members have to administer medication when in the presence of another member of staff. Both of them have to sign the medication form. This helps to easily locate the people who administered the medication in case need arises. The medication form signed has to include the measurement of the medication and the administration. In the case of medication creams, a designated staff member will administer them to the child and then sign the medication form showing that the medication was administered. It is not a requirement that another staff be present when medication creams are being administered. All these medication procedures have to be adhered to by staff and parents of nursery school going children. This is according to the policies and procedures found in Ontario childcare licensing day nurseries manual. Similarly proper directions should also be followed when it comes to any administration of medication on the children and this should be done by only these people who have been granted such authority. Sanitary practices Sanitary practices are very important especially when taking care of small children. A look at the policies and procedures of Ontario licensing day nurseries manual shows that various sanitary procedures have to be adhered to by nursery schools. One of the requirement is that a school supervisor has to ensure that there are sufficient or enough sanitary facilities. These include ensuring that there is running water and also enough toilets in the schools. This helps to maintain the required standards of cleanliness. The staff and the children have to wash their hands before taking meals. There has to be a teacher to ensure that the childrens hands are clean before they take their meals. It is also a requirement that the rooms used for studying by students have to be cleaned on a daily basis. This includes dusting all the surfaces that are in the classroom. Cleanliness is highly emphasized when dealing with children such that the children should not be subjected to any form of unhygienic practices. The sanitary procedures require that the toilets have to be clean always so that the children do not get diseases like cholera, bilharzias among other diseases. It is a requirement that parents get for their children more than one pair of uniform or clothes that they can change in case the ones that they are wearing are soiled. The utensils that are used by children have to be cleaned regularly and rinsed with clean water. (Rudolf, 2000)Another aspect that is illustrated in the day nurseries act is sanitation in relation to food handling. All the food that is prepared in nursery schools has to be very clean. The staff on duty has to ensure that the food prepared is handled with the required standards of cleanliness. This helps to prevent children from getting diseases like cholera easily. It is a requirement that the water provided to children has to be well treated so that it is clean enough for consumption. Similarly clean water is a very basic requirement when it comes to dealing with children. This means that the children should not be exposed to unsafe water sources such as the leakages from the water sewers. Such exposure could cause a lot of harm to the child in terms of their health. Food like meat that is cooked for children has to be examined by a qualified veterinary doctor. This has to be done and the doctor should sign a form showing the date of checking and the results of the tests done. Every nursery school has to ensure that there are enough caretakers of the children while they are in school. All these sanitary procedures have to be adhered to. (Rudolf, 2000) Conclusion According to the policies and procedures in Ontario childcare licensing day nurseries manual, nursery schools have to adhere to all the policies related to medication, behavior management and sanitary practices. According to the day nurseries Act, humiliation of the child is not allowed. This includes degradation, teasing, taunting, and sarcasm done either physically or verbally. Thus the children should receive proper treatment from their care givers and they should not be made intimidated in any way by their superiors. This policy says that no form of corporal punishment is allowed in any time whatsoever. According to the Day Nurseries Act, corporal punishment includes slapping, grabbing, biting, pinching, shaking, pushing and hitting. All these acts or behavior practices are not allowed in schools. Similarly the children should not be exposed to any form of intimidation in the nursery school setting. The Ontario Licensing Day Nurseries manual indicates that any form of medication that has to be given to a child must be prescribed by a doctor. One of the requirement in relation to sanitary practices is that a school supervisor has to ensure that there are sufficient or enough sanitary facilities. These include ensuring that there is running water and also enough toilets in the schools. All these policies and procedures help to ensure the well being of the child. Reference: Policies and procedures (2007) Rudolf, M. (2000): Ontario Childcare Licensing Day Nurseries manual; New York; Macmillan Press

British family structures - changes since WW2 essays

British family structures - changes since WW2 essays Discuss the ways in which British family structures may have changed since the Second World War. In order to discuss and evaluate any changes which may have taken place within the structure of the British family after the Second World War, it is first necessary to examine the structures of the family unit prior to the Second World War. Only then will it be possible to make comparisons between the two. In this essay I shall look at overall family structures, more specifically the gender roles played out by men and women within the family. Before considering these, I shall begin by exploring what is meant and understood by family and whether the definition of family can include households composed of single parents and their children, childless and cohabiting couples and same-sex relationships. Definitions are always crucial in discussing social issues, because a word such as family is almost inevitably laden with value-based meanings. As society has changed and attitudes and values have influenced sociological thinking, some theorists have redefined the terms in which family is studied and discussed. The Oxford Dictionary definition of family is: members of a household, parents, children, servants etc...sets of parents and children, living together or not. This definition reaches to the heart of the difficulties in defining family, as it identifies two of the main ways people have tried to describe it. Elliot comments that the definition of family as a unit consisting of a husband and wife, and their children is very much a concept belonging to modern Western society. She emphasises the fact that society often defines family by a set of value-based assumptions rather than a careful and precise analysis, pointing out: This unit is widely thought of as a group based on marriage and biological parenthood, as sharing a common residence and as united by ties of affection,...

Artificial Intelligence Company Case Study

Discuss About The Artificial Intelligence Company Case Study? There are many articles, which have written on the rise of the robotics, which has been regarded as the robotics process automation, in the various organization across the industries. This very subject conjures the images of the robots taking over the workplace and it eventually the entire world (Brighton, 2015). First, it is important to know the definition of the robotics. Accounting to the institute for the Robotic process Automation as well as the Artificial Intelligence they defines it as the application of the technology which allows the employees in the company to be able to configure the computer software or perhaps a robot to capture and interpret the existing applications (Andrade, Pereira, Walter, Almeida, Loureiro, Compagna & Kyberd,   2014). This is for the processing a transaction, manipulating of the data as well as triggering of the responses and communication with the other digital system (Tirgul & Naik, 2014).   This definition of the robotics it highlights on three vital aspects; the initial is the software,   secondly, existing application the robotics software will   sit on top of the existing applications,   in order to connect the pieces of the puzzle that have been connected to the employees manually (Hagerty, 2015).   The last part is on the employees; the software will be programmed as well as be managed by the humans. A simple illustration of robotics in the organization is the automation of the low-level work in the recruitment process (Cox, 2017). The robotics could be effectively automate on the manual, repetitive process, which involves the high volume of the transactions as well as multiple tasks. Rather than the physical mechanical devices the robotic are the intelligent piece of the software, which has been implemented on top of the current information technology infrastructure, which could help in the elimination of the low level, work that are tedious (Brighton, 2015). The rise of the current robotic evolutions has been emerging as the product of three mutual re enforcing macro tends. This has been as a result of the technology underlying the robotics software, which have diversified over the years. The organization in the case study scenario is an Artificial Intelligence company, which is based in Brisbane. The organization over the years has had interest in the use of the robotics for the domestic use as well as in the other industries such as the mining, transport as well as manufacturing industries across Australia.   It has been using the robotic in small number in order to grow the sideline business (Cox, 2017).   The organization aims at being competitive over the other rivalry firms therefore they aim at diversifying the organization over the next five years. The company has been planning to expand on their operations within the Australian as well as the Asian region. When an organization leverage on the robotic technology as their key component for the expansion strategy it would likely be more competitive than the other organization. The research problem is find out the application of the robotic technology in order to consider it for the Artificial intelligence organization for their next five year strategy plan in order to diversify and become more competitive over the other rivalry organization. The company wants to expand on their operations within the Australian and to the Asian region (Hagerty, 2015). The problem the CEO is encountering she does not have wide range of the information on the issue of robotic technology. She is only aware of general positive and the negative aspects of using the robotics in the work and the home environments (Cox, 2017).   The research is important because it will provide recommendations to her on how to leverage the use of the robotic technology in order to improve on the business. The research study is aimed to find how to leverage the use of the robotic technology in order to improve on the business. further, it research will examine on the various types of robots, their advantages and negative aspects and provide a recommendations on the best ways to use in this small business so that they are able to diversify and venture the new markets . The objective of the study is to evaluate the robotic technology and its application in the current industry of the organization to improve the business. On this case study, it has been assumed that the competitor or the rivalry organization are not aware of the robotic technology and therefore Artificial Intelligence Company will have a competitive advantage over this aspect (Webber & Nilsson, 2014). The research has further assumed that organization under the research is a fictional company, which acts as a guide to help provide insight over the robotic technology. Robotic is the application of the technology, which allows the workers in a given company to be able to configure the computer software or perhaps a robot to capture as well as interpret the existing applications for the processing of the transaction (Ghahramani, 2015). Further, it has been regarded as the utilization of the innovation which enable the representative in the organization to be able to design their PC programming or the robot to catch as well as decipher the existing applications. This will help to prepare for the exchange, control as well as activation of the reactions along with speaking with some of the other advanced frameworks (Hagerty, 2015). The term robot has been highlights as the controller that could be reprogrammed in order to perform various functions. It could executes various functions such as the moving objects, device through using the numerous programmed movements. The robots have been used in many almost all the sectors in the industries. This is the reason, which has made the small Artificial intelligence organization to venture in the design of the robots in order to be used in the transport, the mining, domestic, and the manufacturing industries (Hagerty, 2015).   Some of the uses of the developed by the manufactures as follows: One of the use has been for the exploration. The robots have been designed in order to enter to the environment, which are dangerous to the human being. An example has been observed in the atmosphere within the volcano or perhaps investigating the marine life.   Secondly, it has been used by the military (Tirgul & Naik, 2014). The military have used robots such as the flying robots drones, which have been brought in the present time in the modern armed force. In the future, the robotic airplane as well as the automobiles could be utilized in order to transmit the petroleum. The robots have also been useful in agriculture in order to farm (Ghahramani, 2015). The harvesters in order to cut as well as collect the crops use the robot that have been programmed. In the car industry, there is the use of robotic arms in executing various tasks to manufacture the automobile as they are in the assembling procedure (Siciliano & Khatib, 2016). They usually perform jobs such as sorting, welding , lifting, painting as well as bending. The robots have also been useful in the hospitals there have been development of the robotic suit which are under construction, which would allow the nurses to be able to raise the patients without injuring their backbones.   The artificial intelligence company have invented, designed as well as developed on the robots, which would be useful in the field of transport, domestic, manufacturing as well as the mining industries (Ferber, 1999). Some of the types of the robots, which have been used in these sectors, are: According to Siciliano & Khatib (2016) highlighted that the global number of the domestic household robots would rise to thirty one million between 2016 to 2019. The sales of the robots for cleaning would likely increase to about thirteen billion dollars in this period (Hagerty, 2015).   . The robotics in the personals as well as domestic applications have experienced a great worldwide growth with much relative in the mass market products such as the floor cleaning robots, lawn mowers as well as the edutainment robots which have been dominating the market (Ghahramani, 2015). In the upcoming years, the vacuum as well as the floor cleaning robots would continue to make up the wider share of the units at the work when it comes to the households (Siciliano & Khatib, 2016). The sales volume would rise to more than three million units to approximate thirty million units within the forecasted period. The vacuum and the floor cleaning robots account to more than ninety-six percent of the d omestic robot sales.   The robotic mowers as well as the pool cleaning robots have been ranked the second and third respectively. There has also growth, which has been reported in the sale of the handicap assistive robots as well as for the elderly.   The sales figure stands at thirty seven thousand units at 2015 (Russell, Dewey & Tegmark, 2015). This value is expected to increase with the mirror in this development over the forecasted period. Some of the mining robots are the abandoned mine robot: this kind of the robot are built for the mining organization in order to be driven to the abandoned mineshaft to search for the potash leftover from the many years ago. The tethered fibre optic robot: This robot was built in order to be sent to hundreds of feet down the mineshaft. It has the capability to travel a long distance. The robots are used in the various manufacturing environment. They usually are made of articulated arms, which are used in the applications such as in the painting, and welding.   These robots are automatically controlled, and they are multipurpose manipulator, which are in three or more taxes in order to perform the duties assigned to them (Siciliano & Khatib, (2016). The robot, which is used in the welding, is regarded as the arc robot and the ones used for the painting are designed in order to perform the tasks of painting. These robots are able to undertake the task faster as well as in uniform and accuracy as comparison to individuals. Today there are various types of robot, which have been developed for the transportation industry. Some of this are travel mate robots.   These robots have been created an autonomous robot suitcase that has the capability of moving both vertically as well as horizontally positions. Another type is the SMP robots. This company have created unmanned robot, which have various applications such as the security as well as surveillance. These robot they have the ability to avoid the obstacles are they are able to work under the conditions that is difficult such as low temperatures of less than twenty degrees. The use of robots currently being used by some of the organization and Artificial Intelligence Company is part of these groups. The company has been some robotic technology in small number on their sideline business but they want to fully venture in to it in order to expand their business in Australia and the other region in Asia (Frankish & Ramsey, 2014).   The company is focused in the design of the robot, which would be used for the domestic use, mining, manufacturing as well transport industry. The company is small but they want this to be their expansion strategy. In order to be able to incorporate this technology to the company they are aiming at hiring designers in the field of robotic to help the company to be able to position itself in Australia as well as venture to the other regions (Suri, Dearani, Mihaljevic, Chitwood Jr, Murphy, Trento & Gillinov, 2016). The company has been using the robotics in their sideline business therefore with this experience and additional kno wledge they would be able to implement this strategy and begin the production process. Some of the areas they would use the robots is when it comes to security where they would replace the security personnel and adopt the SMP robotics for the surveillance and security. The robots would also be incorporated in undertaking the task therefore; there would be increase in the production. The short term option which the Artificial Intelligence Company could implement the robotic technology will be based on the making their invention to for the commercial purpose and the short be in a position of manufacture the robots, which are upgraded as comparison to their rivals. This will enable the company to establish itself in the market of Australia since they are capable of performing their duties much efficiently. Consequently, the capital gains from the project would enable the company to expand in the Australia region (Frankish & Ramsey, 2014). When it comes to the long terms options for the company, it will aim at utilizing the robots in their operations. When the company has gained enough ground in the Australian market as one of the major manufactures (Patel, Mullins, Pierorazio, Jayram, Cohen, Matlaga & Allaf, 2013). The company will need to incorporate the robots for increase of the production in order to meet the demand of the products produced since it would be th e major player in the market due to gain in the competitive advantage they would have. These challenges would pose a great challenge to the Artificial Intelligence company but they could be mitigated through the following: one way is the manufacture of the robot, which are much less expensive, thus it would enable the company reduce on the cost of manufacturing (Ingrand & Ghallab, 2014). On the issues of taking the jobs of individuals, they could be taken to training in order to learn about the programming as well as design thus they will be able to retain their jobs. Some of the consideration on these is the issue of unemployment. The company need to know that the robots will displace the job of many employees. Many individuals will lose job because a single robot can perform tasks of more than five people (Cohen & Feigenbaum, 2014). To address on the issue the company could encourage people to venture on other jobs or even self-employ themselves (Cohen & Feigenbaum, 2014). Another consideration would be on the security. An individual may hack the robot and take control of the robot to commit crimes. This could be addressed through designing of the robots that have encryption for the password to operate. This report was aimed to research on the robotic technology and its application in order for the Artificial Intelligence Company to consider in their strategic plan and be able to improve the business. There is many modifications, which could be made to the current robots to make them become more reliable as well as productive. From the findings, it has been found that the robot would provide a competitive edge against the competitor and they will offer productivity to enable the company venture in the Australia as well as Asia market.   The report would provide an insight to help the company to undergo changes to enable it operate the robots in all their operations. I would recommend the company to start in the design of the robot especially those that are used in the domestic uses since they are not complex to manufacture. Further, the organization should provide invest in the research in this field in order to be able to the company achieve diversity effectively and implement on the expansion strategy plan appropria Andrade, A. O., Pereira, A. A., Walter, S., Almeida, R., Loureiro, R., Compagna, D., & Kyberd,P. J. (2014). Bridging the gap between robotic technology and health care . Biomedical Signal Processing and Control, 10, 65-78. Brighton, H. (2015). Introducing Artificial Intelligence: A Graphic Guide. Icon Books Ltd. Cohen, P. R., & Feigenbaum, E. A. (Eds.). (2014). The handbook of artificial intelligence (Vol.3). Butterworth-Heinemann. Cox, B. (2017). Artificial Intelligence Military Robots. Frankish, K., & Ramsey, W. M. (Eds.). (2014). The Cambridge handbook of artificia intelligence. Cambridge University Press. Ferber, J. (1999). Multi-agent systems: an introduction to distributed artificial intelligence (Vol.   1). Reading: Addison-Wesley. Ghahramani, Z. (2015). Probabilistic machine learning and artificial intelligence. Nature,    521(7553), 452-459. Hagerty, J. (2015). Meet the New Generation of Robots for Manufacturing. Wall Street Journal, 2. Ingrand, F., & Ghallab, M. (2014). Robotics and artificial intelligence: A perspective on   Ã‚   deliberation functions. AI Communications, 27(1), 63-80. Jones, M. T. (2015). Artificial Intelligence: A Systems Approach: A Systems Approach. Jones &   Ã‚  Ã‚   Bartlett Learning. Patel, H. D., Mullins, J. K., Pierorazio, P. M., Jayram, G., Cohen, J. E., Matlaga, B. R., & Allaf,    M. E. (2013). Trends in renal surgery: robotic technology is associated with increased use   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   of partial nephrectomy. The Journal of urology, 189(4), 1229-1235. Russell, S., Dewey, D., & Tegmark, M. (2015). Research priorities for robust and beneficial   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   artificial intelligence. AI Magazine, 36(4), 105-114. Shneier, M., & Bostelman, R. (2015). Literature Review of Mobile Robots for Manufacturing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   National Institute of Standards and Technology, US Department of Commerce. Siciliano, B., & Khatib, O. (Eds.). (2016). Springer handbook of robotics. Springer. Suri, R. M., Dearani, J. A., Mihaljevic, T., Chitwood Jr, W. R., Murphy, D. A., Trento, A., ... &   Ã‚   Gillinov, A. M. (2016). Mitral valve repair using robotic technology: Safe, effective, and   Ã‚   durable. The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, 151(6), 1450. Tirgul, C. S., & Naik, M. R. (2014). Artificial Intelligence and Robotics. Webber, B. L., & Nilsson, N. J. (Eds.). (2014). Readings in artificial intelligence. Morgan Kaufmann.

Design a system to pay the credit card bills via handset Essay

Design a system to pay the credit card bills via handset - Essay Example The application allows the task to be carried out through a text message. Credit card bill payments can be stressful from a cardholder’s perspective. A visit to a bank or pay point may not be convenient to a busy person. Besides this, the time consuming queues can make a person avoid the payment exercise completely. An individual facing a low liquidity situation is more likely to avoid making the payment in the face of the added difficulty of the payment process. Cardholders are often wary of accessing the net and carrying out banking transactions due to the confidential information that they have to share. Security is a major concern for electronic transactions. WAP-enabled communication devices like mobile phones and PDA can be used for information access and banking transactions. This system allows the use of phones to pay credit card bills regardless of time and location. The success of this payment options is that the user is not expected to go out of his way to access this feature. The technology is flexible and adapts to the habits of the user. It provides an additional channel for transacting at no extra cost to the user. If the issue of security is well managed, this mode of transacting will be widely used. â€Å"M-Commerce reflects a change in distribution technology innovations in the card payment industry. Mobile banking functions as a phone channel, meaning banks no longer have to depend on the branch network to reach the customer frontier. As competition increases, banks realise the importance of providing integrated delivery channels; branch, phone, Internet, digital television and hand-held computers all add value to the traditional card-based services.† (93) Mobile Commerce is clearly this decades biggest growth opportunity. The Web and its features can be accessed within constraints of time and location. There are a few other restrictions such as power failures or disasters like fires. Wireless communication paves the

Individual Reflective Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Individual Reflective Report - Essay Example The company will also create an online meeting place for the players to play against each other or just participate in different tournaments depending on their ranking. A Fair Play policy will be enacted and implemented in order to ensure all customers are satisfied with the gaming experience and receive the games in a fair manner (Minniti, 2007). Some of the benefits of the game prepaid card include the convenience for the Chinese customers who do not have bank accounts or credit cards such as VISA. The card will also allow the redeem gifts such as energy packs, air travel tickets and household equipments thus enhancing the customer experience. The game prepaid card will ensure customer privacy and reduce the chances of online fraud since customers will not necessarily need a credit card in order to subscribe to the games (Minniti, 2007). The players will have the opportunity to select their own gaming mode. For instance, there will be an option of tutorials, custom games, ranked ga mes and normal games. The ranking will be done according to individual player’s performance whereby highly ranked players will have an opportunity to play for a $ 1,000,000 global final. Idea generation Business idea generation entails the process of generation, developing and communicating new business ideasThe business idea generation process was the most challenging for the team. However, we maintained a clear focus and creativity through reviewing different ideas. Accordingly, our idea generation approach followed a entrepreneurial approach since we were interested in coming up with new and innovative ideas that could meet the needs of Chinese game players with no access to domestic online gaming products. As a group, each individual was tasked with doing a market research on the gaps in consumer needs in the online gaming industry (Minniti, 2007). We held several brainstorming sessions whereby each member was supposed to provide numerous suggestions on business opportuni ties that could be viable within our budget. For instance, several methods recommended establishment of online ticketing business while other preferred the establishment of food chain restaurants. However, our criteria in reviewing the several ideas was aimed at ensuring the viability of the business, minimal capital infrastructure and innovative idea that is exciting to the customers in order to ensure quick market penetration. The team considered the several strengths and weaknesses of each business idea including the consumer market trends and demand. The idea generation process also considered the competitors products and human capital requirements for the prospective business. The second phase of idea generation was screening the benefits that the targeted market would receive from the business and the growth prospect of the business idea. Other issues that were considered include the technology requirements and legal framework surrounding the business idea (Minniti, 2007). The next step involved product development and testing in the market. This involves understanding the consumer purchasing behaviour for the game prepaid card and costs of marketing the prepaid game card. In this stage, we outlined several perceived benefits that could be used in the

The Effects of Global Warming Will Be Beneficial Essay Example for Free

The Effects of Global Warming Will Be Beneficial Essay Even if the consensus is the Earth’s temperature is warming, it is not barren of some advantages and benefits. The first benefit is warm weather is always preferred than cold weather as there are numerous proofs to it. The fact that people from the North flock to regions that are warmer whenever they get the opportunity could attest to that. It is not only that more than 50 percent of retirees would prefer to move to warmer regions when they retire. Warmer weather is also good for the health, not to mention it brings down some of cold related deaths in some regions, although excessive heat also had proven to be deadly since many people could die from it. There is enough finding that people remain healthy in the warmer seasons, whereby in the US alone the medical cost could come down by as much as $20 billion every year if the temperature gets warmer. In the US alone there are close to 40,000 deaths related to cold weather, whereas in Britain that number is between 20,000 and 40,000. According to some findings, that number could rise by 8,000 for every 1 degree Celsius the temperature goes down. On the other hand, the number of causalities could only rise by 2000 since humans can better adapt to heat and could rely on cooling systems. When it comes to the economy there is a strongly held belief that global warming could affect it adversely, although Fred Singer in his book ‘The Impact of Climate Change† had shown that a moderate warming could have a positive impact on agriculture and forestry. The obvious reason for that is plants use carbon dioxide to help them capture and store energy, which means more carbon dioxide in the atmospheres is good for plants. It could also serve as a fertilizer as the amount in the atmosphere rises, the reason why those who are running greenhouses pump carbon dioxide in the closed environment and the result had been much higher food production. Another economic boost cited is the coming into existence of trade routes will be possible when the warm temperature melts the ice in regions such as Alaska. The Bering Strait was an example cited and compared it to Suez Canal in transforming the area inhabitants by introducing tax revenue and a boost on tourism. It will also cut down travel time between the major continents by at least one-third. Another area that might get a boost is the population of kalamari that might see a 20 percent increase. Whatever the outcome will be there is evidence that the creatures react positively to warmer weather where not only their quantity but also their size could grow. Other areas that will be benefited if the temperature rises are regions where there is snow in the winter and if the warm temperature brings down the amount of snow that falls down the roads will be much safer to drive as there are many accidents reported on a yearly basis that are related to heavy snow fall. Snow shoveling itself has a serious side effect for those who have heart condition and less snow and warmer weather would mean fewer heart attacks. Heating bills could also come down unless cooling bills replace them, which is unlikely. People spend a lot of money on winter gears and some of that money could find other use. One area that will be benefited from warmer weather is public transportation where air, road, and rail transportation would be benefited from a warmer weather and according to Department of Energy it might possible to save as much as $12 billion each year. Another benefit is if the warmer weather really comes to stay it would automatically mean more land for farming especially at the polar regions since there are large tracks of lands located in the region that are inhospitable for people because of the ice and the harsh weather. It is possible to go further and mention that croplands have a more cooling capacity when compared to the dark green leaves of the forest that absorb more heat and do not evaporate cooling moisture into the atmosphere. This by itself would have a positive effect on global warming since it brings it down. Another benefit is there is enough proof that the Earth has become more greener since the global warming took effect simply because carbon dioxide is good for plants since they can use it as a fertilizer too. It is not only that, when the weather is warmer it will extend the growing season, diminishes frosts, and there will be more precipitation. The benefit could still go much further by availing advantage to the forestry and recreation, as the weather would become more accommodating. There is also a proof that extracting natural resources in a warm weather is much easier. All this would lead to an economic growth of any country, especially for countries such as the US that could realize growth on their GDP. Overall, a considerable amount of benefit is derivable from global warming or from a warmer temperature (7). Global Warming Is not a Threat to the Polar Ice It is possible to surmise that global warming is not a threat to polar ice simply because except for observation made by the so-called prominent scientists whose number could reach 300 and are from various countries, there is no hard evidence that shows that the polar ice is affected by the current temperature change. The current temperature change itself for the most part is the outcome of observation and computer simulation. It is not complete or not yet scientifically proven. However, those who are in a position of decision-making are under pressure from various sources to look into the matter so that any kind of future disaster could be avertable. What the recent finding indicates is there is a possibility that the Polar Regions are warming faster than the other regions on Earth and this has led to the belief that the ice covering the region is thinning. The estimate is if there is no measure taken, it could disappear as 2100 approaches. Nevertheless, there had been recorded proofs that the Polar Regions had been much warmer than today and these hot temperatures occurred between 1937 and 1938 years that were early for the greenhouse gases, whose elevated use started after the Second World War. There are records showing the Polar Regions were warmer as much as twice as they are today between 1917 and 1937 revealing that even in the absence of an elevated use of greenhouse gases these regions were getting warmer than they were in the last 20 years. The records show some kind of cooling took place after the 1940s and it was around the late 1970s there was a sudden warming in the Polar Regions, especially in the Arctic region, but additional warming did not occur ever since. Accordingly, what could be causing the shift in temperature could be factors other than the global warming caused by greenhouse gases. One suspected cause is a shift in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) at around the end of 1970s. PDO is â€Å"a long-lived El Nino-like pattern of Pacific climate variability†. There are other identified oscillations that have similar effect on the weather of the North Pole, one of them is the Arctic Oscillation, and the other one is the North Atlantic Oscillation. These oscillations are spinning ring of air occurring in the Polar Regions believed to be responsible for the warmer air. This assumption leads to the fact that it is such naturally occurring winds that are causing the warm air instead of the greenhouse gas effect; the target to be responsible for causing the warm temperature that is responsible for melting the ice caps of the Polar Regions (8). The other interesting point is the time it takes to melt the polar ice, which would take centuries even if the climate get much warmer than it is now showing that it is not an immediate worry. At the same time since it is difficult to predict what will take place in the climate changing pattern in the future it is not possible to say that the currently reported global warming will cause a considerable damage to the polar caps. Because if the ice cap in Greenland area alone completely melts it is possible that the sea level could rise by seven meters and the resulting flood could claim many regions. Another interesting aspect is the temperature around regions such Greenland had been falling by 2. 2 degrees Celsius since 1987. That significant decline will whittle any worry that the current global warming whose existence not yet fully proven could pose a threat. The global warming still lacks scientific proof except in computer simulation and some observations. By doing so, scientists were able to observe some ice sheets falling into the sea raising the alarm that such incidents could take place in a large scale, but till now that had not been the case. Hence, if there is concern it is that the rate of such calamities could rise unless there is some measure in the meantime, the reason why the Koyto Protocol had come into existence. When it comes to the Antarctic, the findings are not clear even if it is possible to say that the temperature might have risen by 2. 5 degree Celsius in the last 50 years. One good measurement used was the population of Antarctic kramalli where there is a conflicting report where there are sources claiming that the population had declined by up to 90 percent. If that is not the case it would be an indication that the reported temperature rise is not real simply because the karamalli population thrives in a warmer temperature, hence the 2. 5 degree Celsius rise might not be substantiated. The reality might have been that there had been an increase in the winter sea ice starting around 1979. However, since the existing area is not equal to the amount of land covered before the declining years before 1970s, the reality is there was a decline in the ice sea that started much earlier than the current global warming, ascertaining that what is termed as global warming is not affecting the ice in the Polar Regions. What this leads to is the computer simulations the scientists are dependant upon are not correct except that they can draw some kind of pictures relying on the kind of information they are fed, which could be correct or wrong. That has led climatologist from MIT to conclude that from what everyone is getting from the simulation, there is no indication that shows the Polar Regions are warming. Some researchers had indicated in their findings that the Arctic region could be warming at 0. 39 degrees Celsius rate per decade, whereas the Antarctic is getting cold by 0. 12 degree Celsius revealing that the polar caps are not threatened by the declared current global warming, except that those who are doing the observations were alarmed when they saw a few sizeable ice sheets washing into the ocean. Others have explained such incidents as phenomenon that had been around for centuries where the edges on the ice accumulation could get thin in the summer and they will thicken back in the winter months blotting any worry of a polar cap meltdown.

The Hashknife Outfit :: essays research papers

Section 1: Introduction When the Aztec Cattle Company ("The Hashknife Outfit") first got to northeast Arizona, they found knee-high grass as far as they could see. They moved cattle from Texas to Arizona and just kept bringing in more and more. They ran those cattle on about 2 million acres of land between Flagstaff and New Mexico. The cattle grazed the grass off and the drought that had already started kept more grass from growing in. There was already very little water, so the cattle started dying off by the thousands. Country that used to look like an ocean of grass turned into a dried out, wind blasted desert. During this same time, the railroads were being put in across the country and cattle were starting to be shipped on trains. (This meant higher transportation costs when cattle prices were starting to go down.) Some of the worst parts of Arizona's history was caused by the Hashknife Outfit and its cutthroat hired help. Mormon settlers were harassed, robbed, and run out of the country. Cattle were stolen from the settlers and other ranches. But the worst problems from the Hashknife cowboys was had by the sheepmen and the towns people. Towns like Holbrook were the scenes of killing, drinking, whoring, and troublemaking. The sheepmen were harassed, their sheep killed, and sometimes got themselves killed. Section 2: The Search The Hashknife Outfit pioneered large-scale cattle ranching in Arizona; but their overgrazing scarred the land, drought and hard winters killed the cattle, and their criminal behavior made its mark on Arizona's history. The "Hashknife brand resembled a cooking utensil used by chuckwagon cooks to chop up meat and potatoes for hash. The brand was owned by the Aztec Land and Cattle Company and was used to brand thousands of cattle. Many cattle ranches came to be known by their brands instead of by their company names because it was easier for people to remember--that's why the Aztec Land and Cattle Company was called the "Hashknife Outfit".(my mom--Arizona family verbal tradition) "The Hashknife Outfit was established in northern Arizona in 1884. A shareholder in the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad persuaded a group of Eastern investors to purchase a million acres of grazing land offered for sale by the railroad. The new ranch, called the 'Aztec Land and Cattle Company', brought in 33,000 head of Texas Longhorn Cattle, a large remuda (herd of saddle broke horses) of horses, and the Hashknife brand" (Hughes xi). When the stockholders of the Aztec Land and Cattle Company were first meeting to form the company, cattle prices were already headed downward.

Monsters Lesson 02 Literary Background for Beowulf

Monsters Lesson 02 Literary Background for Beowulf The Dark ages was an era that consisted of change and warfare in England. The Celts were the first culture to inhabit England. Celts filled the land with the language of Ceitic and the religion of Paganism. In 55 B. C the Romans decide to invaded the land under Julius Caesar lead and succeed. With the Romans in charge the change began by bring Latin to the region and introducing Christianity.Romans also brought civilization and new law by building new structures which were similar to theres in Rome. These Structures consisted of water which they learned how to drain, use for public sanitation, and clean drinking water. Barbarians (foreigners) were jealous of the Roman’s system and try to take over, so the Emperor decide to build a great wall around the land and the wall worked for around 200 years. The Roman Empire was divided into two half's, western and eastern with two different Emperor’s.With the fall of Rome in 410 A. D Britannia was easy to take over without British soldiers to fight. Four Germanic tribes took over Britannia, with Anglo in the Northeast, Saxon in the South, Jutes in the South but separate from Saxons, and Frisians just South of Saxons. These four tribes are known as Anglo-Saxons who occupied England from 410 A. D. to 797 A. D. Durning that time seven Sovereign Kingdoms were formed.Vikings later called Normans were Scandinavian explorers, traders, and warriors. The Scandinavian’s spoke dilates of German. Vikings invaded large parts of England in 797 A. D. and ruled until 1066 A. D. The literature durning the dark ages main themes were about heroism and chivalry. Kings were also highly looked upon and they took care of their warriors. Also highly written about durning this time was the bond between the king’s men which was the center of their political society.

Human Resourse Management in Pakistan

HUMAN RESOURSE MANAGEMENT IN PAKISTAN (Major Human recourses challenges in Pakistan public health system, Human Recourse system policies and ways to address those challenges) Introduction Human resources are the heart of the health system and health care managers have a critical role in determination of performance of the system [1]. Our savings and investment level can be raised only when we are in a position to convert our unproductive and underutilized human and natural resources into dynamic and self-sustained capital and potential accelerator of economic growth.The World Health Organization (WHO) has defined the health workforce as â€Å"all people primarily engaged in actions with the primary intent of enhancing health†. This definition is consistent with the WHO definition of health systems as comprising all activities with the primary goal of improving health. The health workforce is one of the most important pillars of the health system. Adequate numbers and quality o f health workers have been positively associated with successful implementation of health interventions, including immunization coverage, outreach of primary care, and infant, child and maternal survival. 2] Human Resource Management is a key to improve productivity of people in the organization. Good Human resource management approach with strategic, ethical and social responsibility which further help to achieve organization goal and objectives. Human Resource management is an art to transform changes as employee commitment and opportunity through developing their knowledge & skills and motivating them. In developing country human resource players are considered necessary since they can serve as intellect of an organization.A loyal, dedicated, skilled, efficient and productive human resources is valuable assets of an organization but not reflected on the balance sheet. [3] Pakistan story In 1947, Pakistan was created as British rule came to an end in India. In 1971, East Pakistan demanded independence, and after a bloody civil war it was transformed into what is now the country of Bangladesh. As one of the most crowded countries in the world, Pakistan faces enormous economic and social crises.Fortunately, however, it possesses an abundance of natural resources that can help it overcome these challenges [4] Pakistan is blessed with huge natural and human resources but most of these are in crude form. â€Å"According to official data, there are 127,859 doctors and 12,804 health facilities in the country to cater for over 170 million people. † [5] â€Å"Infant mortality rate: 72/1,000 live birth, Maternal mortality rate: 260/100,000 live birth instead having 7. 8 Physicians/10,000 population, 3. Nurses and midwifes/10,000 population; overall 11. 6 Health care workforce /10,000 population in the country† [6] In Pakistan the health system remains functionally weak and the quality of health services is poor, despite very old constitutional support fo r health care as a right and a large Ministry of Health at federal and provincial levels [7, 8]. In Pakistan health sector performance has not been evaluated in terms of inputs, processes or activities and outputs for different types of resources including human resources.Very little is known about compositions of health managers, their skills, and training, and spec ifically the policy for deployment. The first and foremost prerequisite for human resources progress is the proper attention to the health sector. No nation can dream of acquiring preeminence in any field with sick and disabled persons so developed nations invest quite a hefty amount in their health sector. In Pakistan, unfortunately, due attention is not paid to this important sector.Human resources for health have recently been emphasized as a central component in providing a stronger health system to achieve the Millennium Development Goals [9]. Absence or nonimplementation of appropriate human resource policies that address appropriate numbers of staff, their qualifications, deployment, working conditions, and gender distribution are associated with many problems in the health work force [10]. Frequency of turnover of key managerial staff has also been associated with poor system performance [11]. Human Resource Development and Management challengesPakistan has been categorized as one of 57 countries that are facing an HRH crisis, below the threshold level defined by WHO to deliver the essential health interventions required to reach Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015 [12]. Health workforce strategy is usually low on a country’s agenda, despite the understanding that scaling-up health interventions to reach MDGs is not possible without a minimum level of health workforce. National health workforce strategies require reliable and timely information, rational system analysis and a firm knowledge base.However, data analysis, research on HRH and technical expertise are still underd eveloped in many countries, in part due to low investment in HRH [13]. Pakistan’s new draft National health policy 2009 mandated the development of strategies in various key areas, including HRH [14] There is a lack of clear long-term vision for human resource development and the federal MOH or provincial DOH does not have a unit, responsible for such an important health system function. [15] The imbalances in health workforce in terms of cadre, gender and distribution are well known in Pakistan.The public sector continues to heavily invest its scarce resources in the development of medical colleges and universities rather than investing in improving quality and quantity of nursing institutions, public health schools and technicians training institutions. In the context of health system development, there is a serious shortage of qualified health system specialists such as health and human res ource planners, health economists, health information experts and health system and hospital managers.Pre -service training of health professionals follows traditional methods and there is a mismatch between educational objectives, which focus on hospital based care, instead of addressing the needs of the communities for promotive, preventive curative and rehabilitative services. The Pakistan Medical and Dental Council (PM&DC) is responsible for registration, licensing and evaluation of the medical and dental practitioners, the attempts made by PM&DC have not materialized yet.Regulation of private practitioners and different traditional categories of medical practice such as homeopathic doctors and Yunani Hakims is non-existent. Human Resource in health care is not appropriately planned in Pakistan, with the result that there are more doctors than nurses, dearth of trained midwives, urban concentration, brain drain from rural to urban areas and abroad, along with other issues related to curriculum, quality of graduates and their continuing supervision.The service structure for health workers is poorly defined it, favors tenure over competence, largely ignores technical capacities and does not allow incentives or rewards for performance. The conduct of education for medical, nursing and related cadres is mostly conventional and does not utilize recent developments in the field of medical education. Though curricula have been revised from time to time, in majority of cases they are not locally contextualized and are not based on competencies and skills.There is no organized system for continuing medical education for any health providers who are also largely unsupervised and at times ill equipped with newer knowledge/skills to tackle emerging diseases. This holds true for management cadres as well. The health system is currently not conducive to nurses, midwives and allied health professionals playing pivotal roles in ensuring the provision and delivery of effective primary health care services in th e absence of doctors.Health authorities hav e yet to be convinced that PHC services can be successfully provided and delivered by nurses, midwives and allied health professionals making up local teams with the relevant staffing complement and skills mix. [14] All publicly employed doctors are forbidden from practicing privately and many of them receive non practicing allowances as part of their non salary allowances under the law of the country, That notwithstanding, most of them run lucrative private sector clinics while working in hospitals and often use the public sector leverage to boost practices in private facility settings.A number of unethical practices such as refusing to see patients i n hospitals and referring them to private clinics are well established and are almost regarded as a conventional norm. Provider-driven over-consumption of health services, over-prescription, and over-use of diagnostics as well as violation of ethical guide lines in clinical practice are well established in Pakistan. In terms of the et hics of health care alone, frequent violations of the four basic principles of: the Right to autonomy, Right to privacy, Right to choose and Right to information are often seen. 17] High rate of frequent transfer and posting is also a major reason of low levels of performance in public health sector. A study was conducted on the 54 top provincial offices in the government of Sindh Department of Health over the period of 24 years (1981-2004). There were 689 transfers/postings made in the 54 key offices studied over the 24 year time period. Almost half (48. 9%) of these postings lasted no longer than 1 year. The offices affected highest were tertiary/district care hospitals (54 tim es) and district health offices (37 times) respectively. 18] Recommendation and priority actions towards Human resource development Since the Pakistan is enriched with human resources there is emerge need to develop strategy for optimum utilization of it especially in public heath sector. WHO reviewed the h ealth system of Pakistan and suggested that there is need to develop a clear policy and strategies for human resource development according to the longer term stated health development vision for Paki stan and to the more pressing requirements of improving health service delivery in the country .The report emphasize on mapping of health care providers and institutions through a national human resources for health (HRH) observatory, which should bring together all stake holders involved in human resource development. It suggested that to deal with standard setting and regulatory functions strategic planning in human resource development at federal and provincial levels is required. It reflected the essentiality to established position such as human resource planners, health economists, health information experts and health system managers, which are attractive enough to recruit qualified and experienced persons.In addition, tackle their shortage in the short term through external fel lowships and in the longer term through the development of accredited training programs in the country. A nursing directorate should be established in the MOH in order to strengthen leadership and to address the nursing crisis. There is need to review the role of the PM&DC, CPSP and other institutions in term of new developments and planned reforms. By providing problem based training the system can reorient the production of health workforce towards more focus on public health and community needs.In order to provide the necessary support to the various reforms aimed at increasing access to health services and at improving health system performance; strengthening of partner institutions such as Health Services Academy (HSA), schools of public health, academia and professional institutions is required. Human resource policy in government bureaucracies should be developed to stabilize professional positions while having a clear transfer policy in place and improve the performanc e of the health care delivery system. 15] Efficient and effective development of a health care system needs of equitable gender distribution of women in the health workforce. [19] To meet out such needs ministry of health, Pakistan came up with national health policy in July 2009 which recommended that Federal and health authorities will play a vital role for the development of the health resource in Pakistan. This federal and Provincial Health authorities will forecast human resource needs based on requirements outlined in essential health services package and provincial strategies.It will direct and facilitate the teaching institutions in reorienting their curricula and training t o being competency-based with enhanced exposure to the community and with responsiveness to the local needs and compliance with international standards. It includes that each district will be linked to a teaching institution so that the latter can provide technical support and supervision to the former to imp rove rural health care services.All medical graduates will be recommended to be posted to rural centers for a period of at least 6 months after graduation. The Pakistan Medical and Dental Council will ensure that those undergoing post graduate training also rotate through district health centers. Provincial health authorities will appoint and retain relevant cadres of appropriate health personnel with special focus on staffing district primary care outlets and on recruiting women.Provincial health departments will track human resources for health by establishing a database of doctors, nurses, midwives and allied health professionals working in the BHUs and RHCs across each province and those in training funded by the government. [14] Conclusion A healthy population is not only valued in its own right, but it also raises the human capital of a country thereby positively contributing to the economic and social development.A considerable improvement in health sector facilities over the past year is reflected in the existing vast network of health care facilities which consist of 4712 dispensaries, 5,336 basic health units, 924 hospitals, 906 maternal and child health centers and 288 TB centers. Available HR is 122798 doctors, 7388 dentist and 57646 nurses. [20] A major strength of health care services in Pakistan is very strong outreach via about 95,000 Lady Health Workers (LHWs) and an increasing number of community midwives (CMWs).Inspite of all there is a lack of clear long-term vision for human resource development, which is necessary to address the imbalances in health workforce with appropriate skills; and improved motivation, retention and productivity; Human resources in health care are not appropriately planned in Pakistan, with the result that there are more doctors than nurses and â€Å"brain drain†, along with other issues related to curriculum, quality of graduates and their continuing supervision.The service structure for health workers is po orly defined it, favors tenure over competence, largely ignores technical capacities and does not allow incentives or rewards for performance. The conduct of education for medical, nursing and related cadres is mostly conventional and does not utilize recent d evelopments in the field of medical education. There is no organized system for continuing medical education for any health providers who are also largely unsupervised and at times ill equipped with the skills to tackle emerging diseases.National Health Policy 2010 is include a vision for the role HRH strategy can play in helping to meet the country’s goals for improving health care services for all Pakistanis. In addition, the current HRH assessment will serve as evidence for a new HRH strategy to be dev eloped and implemented by the Ministry of Health. The national and provincial authorities will comprehensibly plan and forecast their human resource requirement for next 10 years according to the proposed services in t he respective areas and take robust short term and long term steps to achieve the balance in manpower. 6] Provincial health authorities will also develop, implement and maintain a database of health human resource, including the private sector. Nationwide campaigns will be launched to promote the permanent roles that nurse, midwives and allied health professionals may play in providing and delivering effective services to the public. By: – Mr. Vikas Jain References 1. Martinez J, Martineau T. Rethinking human resources: an agenda for the millennium. Healt h Policy and Planning 1998 2. The world health report 2006: working together for health .Geneva, World Health Organization, 2006. 3. Dr. Zareen Abbasi Assistant Professor Department of Public Administration University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Human Resource Management in Pakistan , The Elite Scientific Publications, Faisalabad, Pakistan, 2009 4. World Atlas . com [http://graphicmaps. com/webimage/countrys/asia/pk. htm] 5. http:// southasia. oneworld. net/todaysheadlines/healthcare-in-pakistan-too-expensive-to-afford 6. CCF Case study, establishing an HRH coordination process, Pakistan, page 1, 2 7. Siddiqi S, Haq IU, Ghaffar a, Akhtar T, Mahaini R.Pakistan's maternal and child health policy: analysis, lessons and the way forward. Health policy 2004; page 117-130. 8. Bhutta ZA, Ali N, Hyder A, Wajid A. â€Å"Perinatal & Newborn Care in Pakistan: Seeing the Unseen! † Maternal and Child health in Pakistan. Challenges And Opportunities: Edited by Zulfiqar A Bhutta. Ameena Saiyid, Oxford University Press 2004. 9. Narasimhan V, Brown H, Pablos-Mendez A, Adams O, Dussault G, Elzinga G, et al. Responding to the global human resources crises. The Lancet 2004; page 14 -72. 10. Martineau T, Martinez J.Human resources in the health sector: guidelines for appraisal and strategic development Brussels: European Commission, Directorate General for Development, â€Å"Health and Development Series† 1997. 11. Buc han J. What difference does (â€Å"good†) HRM make? Human Resources for Health 2004 12. Global atlas of the health workforce. Geneva, World Health Organization (http://www. who. int/globalatlas, accessed 12 December 2009). 13. Narasimhan V et al. Responding to the global human resources crisis. Lancet, 2004 14. National health policy 2009. Islamabad, Ministry of Health (final draft) (http://www. health. gov. pk, accessed 5 May 2010). 5. Report of the Health System Review Mission – Pakistan, World Health Organization United Nations Children Fund, Department for International Development, United Kingdom, The World Bank, February 19-28, 2007, Islamabad 16. Corruption in the health sector in Pakistan , Pakistan Health Policy forum 17. Abdul Hakeem Jokhio B. S. , Ph. D. Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, H ealth System Managerial Staffing Patterns: Public Sector Experience From P akistan, 18. World Health Organization. World Health Report 2003-Sha ping the future. Geneva; 2003. 19. Pakistan Economic Survey, 2007

Child Abuse Essay

Child Abuse Essay Free Online Research Papers The definition of child abuse can vary greatly. Some view abuse as an actual serious injury sustained to a child. While others, have a broader definition of the intent to harm the child, physically or verbally. Alfred Kadushin and Judith Martin summarize child abuse as; physical abuse, malnourishment, denial of essential medical care, failure to attend school regularly, exploitation or overwork, sexual abuse, exposure to unwholesome or demoralizing circumstances, and in some cases emotional abuse and neglect involving denial of the normal experiences that permit a child to feel loved, wanted, secure, and worthy. In the late 1960’s all states adopted child-abuse and neglect-reporting laws. These laws require professionals to report suspected child abuse cases to the local police department and the county welfare department. Through this law professionals are granted civil and criminal immunity but there are also specific penalties for failure to report. It is hard to get accurate data on the true severity of child abuse for two reasons; the failure of citizens and professionals to report suspected cases and the reluctance of abused children to talk. It is common for children that are abused believe their punishment is deserved and in turn develop negative self-images. George C. Curtis has brought about evidence stating many abused children may â€Å"become tomorrow’s murderers and perpetrators of other crimes of violence.† A large number of rapist, murderers, robbers, and spouse abusers were child abuse victims when they were younger. Children of abuse are also high risk to be runaways, which can lead them to other types of crime, such as shoplifting, theft, or prostitution. The state is ultimately a parent to all children under the concept of parens patriae. If the natural parents neglect, abuse, or exploit a child, the state has the legal right or responsibility to intervene. Protective services, which include the profession of social work, is defined as â€Å"a specialized casework service to neglected, abused, exploited or rejected children.† In colonial days, children were though of as chattel, an item of personal property. Parents would sell a child, exploit his or her labor, offer the child as a sacrifice them or even kill the child at birth. Eventually in the era of industrialization children were considered to have rights. In the early 20th century, child labor laws were finally enacted, prohibiting parents from exploiting the labor of their children. Protective services had two focuses: a law enforcement approach and a rehabilitation approach. The law enforcement focus emphasized punishment for the abusive or neglectful parents. While, the rehabilitation approach, generally taken by protective services, emphasized the importance of helping the parents and keeping the family together rather than disrupting it. A federal Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act, passed in January 1974, provide direct assistance to states to help them develop child abuse and child neglect programs. Although professionals are mandated to report abuse most complaints are filed by neighbors, relatives, or family friends. A complaint is a report of a possible neglect or abuse situation that needs exploration. Sometime a person that makes a complaint may feel guilty and need reassurance that they are performing a very useful function that is necessary to protect children. Complaints can be made anonymous and the identity of the complainant is never revealed to the family the report is made against. All complaints are investigated by the protective service. Each agency handles this differently. Some start with a phone call, others prefer an unannounced visit, which has the advantage of allowing the social worker to view the home environment in its day-to-day appearance. The social worker lets the family know there has been a complaint filed and there is a concern of a potential danger to the child in the home. If a potential danger is found it is the social workers job to be helpful to both the parents and the children. The social worker attempts to obtain an objective and accurate description of the situation. During the evaluation the social worker almost always attempts to see the child who has allegedly been endangered. If abuse exists, the objective is to tell the parents that the focus of protective services is to prevent further neglect or abuse and to alleviate the factors that are now a danger to the child. If there is no evidence of neglect or abuse the case may be closed after the initial interview. Services can be continued fro years for those families with serious problems. In some cases, when the child is clearly in danger, or the parents refuse to make changes essential for the long-term well-being of the child, the child is removed from the home. If this happens the social worker will seek the parents’ voluntary consent. If consent is not received a petition is made to the court requesting that the child receive protection. After the petition is filed, a preliminary hearing is scheduled within a few weeks. The social worker must support the petition with documented facts. Protective services cannot withdraw from the situation if it finds that the parents are uncooperative or resistant. Because protective services is involuntary, and because provisions of the service are based in an â€Å"outside† complaint, the recipients are likely to view the services as an invasion of privacy. Although the focus of protective services theoretically is rehabilitative and nonpunitive, protective service clients generally view services as punitive and investigatory. In working with parents who neglect or abuse their children, the social worker must show respect for the parents as people while in no way conveying acceptance if their mistreatment. The social worker need to convey empathy with their situation, be warm, and yet be firm about the need for the positive changes. The protective service worker must be prepared to perform a variety of roles: teacher, enabler, advisor, coordinator of treatment, intervener, supporter, confidante, and expediter. They need to be focused on constantly identifying concrete needs, selecting intervening approaches and providing specific services. A variety of treatment resources are used in attempting to make the needed changes. Crisis nurseries, extended day-care centers, and emergency foster homes provide short-term shelter to relieve potentially damaging crisis situation. Parent effectiveness train programs, group therapy, and family life education programs sometimes are useful on curbing the abuse or neglect. Earlier in American history, the law guarded the rights if parents but gave little attention to the rights if children. But defining and protecting the rights of children has received national attention, in recent years. The balance between the rights between parents and children varies from community to community. Research Papers on Child Abuse EssayThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationStandardized Testing19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraGenetic EngineeringHip-Hop is ArtThe Project Managment Office SystemQuebec and CanadaThe Fifth Horseman

Report on oncology nursing career Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Report on oncology nursing career - Essay Example Oncology Nursing Oncology nursing involves the task of conducting research on cancer, taking care of cancer patients directly and performing administrative functions to treat cancer incidents. Thus, an oncology nurse is responsible for providing care and supervising cancer patients whom are chronically or critically ill (Williamson, 2008). Furthermore, an oncology nurse is expected to monitor the physical condition of the cancer patients, formulate strategies to manage the symptoms and give medical prescription. Consequently, owing to the critical roles the oncology nurses are expected to conduct to protect and treat chronically ill cancer patients form deaths, they should possess intensive qualifications. Indeed, for an individual to be become an oncology nurse, the individual should undergo a comprehensive training on psychological and physiological needs of cancer patients. This involves understanding the prevention and detection of cancer, diagnosis and treatment, survivorship, e nd-of- life care and rehabilitation of cancer patients (ONS, 2007). Thus, the oncology nurses are prepared through the educational system with the knowledge of providing primary, sensitive and painkilling care to cancer patients by applying genomics and genetics knowledge. This is done through educational program that gives the students teachings on advanced pharmacology, physical assessment and pathophysiology (Williamson, 2008). Consequently, upon graduation the oncology graduates gain additional skills, knowledge and abilities during their practice experience which may not be provided during the entry educational competency qualifications. Owing to this high demands for one to admitted in the oncology nursing profession, the remunerations have been relatively growing over the last couple of years and second after the medical and surgical nursing (Williams & Wilkins, 2011). Indeed, latest empirical findings have shown that the salary increment over the last five years between 2006 and 2011 surpassed the inflation change in the same period. The salaries increased by a rate of 22% between 2006 and 2007 while inflation increased by 11% in the same period (Williams & Wilkins, 2011). This depicts that the salary of oncology nurses have been fairly increasing since they are able to compensate for the hiking change of money value in the market. Another aspect that is witnessed in the salary reward of the oncology nurses is that they face differential remunerations according to their level of study, specialisation or healthcare organization they serve. Indeed, on average the nurses earn a salary of $60,000 per annum. However, depending on the number of years the nurses has spent in their current position, the rate of reward increases. This is also, replicated in rewarding the nurses according to their job title. Furthermore, if an oncology nurse is a registered member of a given union, they earn more than those not registered. Similarly, oncology nurses working in r ecognized Magnet facilities enjoy higher pays than those in Non-Magnet facilities. This is also, witnessed in private hospitals, community hospitals, university hospitals and military hospitals where the salaries differs in an increasing rate respectively. Moreover, an oncology nurse whom has higher level of education enjoys a higher reward compared to other. This is also, applied by segmenting the rate of rewarding the nur