Global warming †a serious warning Essay

I have a dream, that in a near future, the people of this world will come together as one. We could all come together as one and leave all our differences of color, religion, and political views behind us, to stand together to face what Bill McKibben calls the greatest challenge and threat mankind has ever faced: global warming. In 2007 Bill McKibben, an author, educator, and environmentalist, wrote the article, â€Å"Global Warning: Get Up! Stand Up!† to persuade people that we, the people on earth, have caused, and are still causing, the climate changes that have been taking place over the past decades. More than that, however, McKibben explains that something still needs to be done about it. McKibben uses extreme, yet reasonable, examples and methods to convey this message effectively. Global warming is the result of the greenhouse effect, which has increased since the human race started to burn fossil fuels in order to extract energy. When fossil fuels are being burnt, greenhouse gasses, such as carbon dioxide, set free into the atmosphere. The accumulative pollution causes the atmosphere to reflect heat radiation back towards the earth, instead of letting the gasses disappear into space, because the ozone layer gets thicker. However, without the greenhouse effect, our planet â€Å"would be 33 degrees Celsius coolerâ€Å" (â€Å"McKibben† 4). Since the carbon dioxide has already increased by one third in the atmosphere since the nineteenth century, the effect will be stronger and therefore more heat will be kept inside the atmosphere than before. This phenomenon, called global warming, leads to a hotter climate; as a matter of fact, the earth is today hotter than it has been in over 2000 years (â€Å"McKibben† 5-9). Warming – that word almost sounds inviting, like we all might live in a world twenty years from, that could be a tropical paradise where the extent of our problems would be pondering what Spf sunscreen to use. That is not the case, though. Thousands and thousands of climate scientists agree that  global warming is not only the most threatening environmental problem, but one of the greatest challenges facing all of humanity throughout humanity’s entire history (McKibben 595). To maintain the average temperature we need here on earth, the glaciers and the North Pole ice are a big factor because when the exact amount of ice melts, it evens out the ocean’s temperature and therefore stabilizes all the different ecosystems. All ecosystems are dependent on whether the temperature is just where it should be or not. In addition, some experts and people argue that it is not us, the people who have caused the climate changes; they claim global warming is a natural occurring phenomenon which has nothing to do with the actions of humans. They say there is not enough of proof to say that the human race is 100% responsible for the changes now taking place. They claim that events like these have been taking place regularly throughout the long history of earth, and there is nothing we can do about this (â€Å"The Galileo† 591-593). â€Å"A 54-year-old oceanographer [†¦] discovered that temperatures a thousand years ago, during the so-called medieval climate optimum, were two degrees Celsius warmer than today’s [average] and that the average temperature over the last three millennia was slightly warmer than today’s† (â€Å"The Galileo† 591-592). As a pretty active environmental activist from Brazil, a country advocating a change of living to reduce global warming, I can relate to many of McKibben’s attacks and aspects expressed in his article. According to McKibben, the most urgent thing right now is to recognize that there is a mix of solutions that can be implemented worldwide and instead of focusing on arguing about what is needed to be done, we need to take action. In other words, the most important thing is not what we do about it, but that we do something about it. All the people in the world have to start living under the â€Å"same roof†; we need to do what it is good for the world. To me, stopping global warming is so much more than just â€Å"saving electricity† or â€Å"walking instead use a car’’. Stopping global warming is about taking responsibility, not just for ourselves and our own actions, but for our friends and family, as well as our nation and the world that we live in — Earth. Stopping global warming is about the most honorable thing a man can  do — saving lives. Works Cited â€Å"About Bill McKibben.†Bill McKibben. N.p., 2010. Web. 20 Oct. 2010. â€Å"The Galileo of Global Warming.† Perspectives on Contemporary Issues. Ed. Katherine McKibben, Bill. â€Å"Global Warning: Get Up! Stand Up!† Perspectives on Contemporary

AIR ASIA Essay

Sadanand Maiya Talking to TWB on receiving the Honorary Doctorate, he expressed his happiness and gratitude to the people of Karnataka and said that coming from a Brahmin family he was supposed to offer free food to poor and needy people, but in business he was helpless, and as an alternative, he had now decided to help the people in the field of Education under the banner of his own trust namely â€Å"Sadananda Maiya Charitable Trust†. The PU Block consisting of 6 floors will be named after him at Jayanagar National College campus at an estimated cost of Rs. 6 crore sponsored by him with latest hi end technologies, and will start functioning shortly. For MCA from next academic year, four floors will be almost ready by June and the remaining 2 floors will be ready by October he said. Besides this, he has donated 40 computers to his home town school and constructed PU Block at Kotta Viveka School and a well stocked library at Sneha Sagar School. Belonging to a reputed hotelier family which had established the Mavalli Tiffin Room restaurant at Bangalore in 1924, Mr. Maiya imbibed the innate ability to â€Å"CREATE† foods with lasting taste and flavour even when he was studying in the school/college. While most of the boys at his age were more enamored by various extracurricular activities, Mr. Maiya chose to spend his leisure time to observe and learn the intricate art/skill of making new/innovative foods from his forefathers at MTR restaurant. It was this informal exposure, which had made him a real practitioner of art and science of cooking many traditional foods of South India. Mr. Maiya was born at Parampaalli in Dakshina Kannada district (presently Udupi district) on July 13, 1949. After a brilliant school career in his native place, he completed the Bachelor of Engineering course in Electrical engineering at BMS College of Engineering, University of Bangalore in the year 1973. Mr. Maiya, as a partner launched MTR Foods in 1976 and by 1978 established a small-scale facility to manufacture a host of ready mix products for many popular foods, which became instant hits in the market From a small-scale ready mix unit Mr. Maiya raised the status of his organisation to a major player in the industrial landscape of the country with high visibility and consumer goodwill. MTR Foods Ltd., as seen today, was incorporated in 1997 with Mr. Maiya as Chairman and Managing Director and growth of the organization ever since has been phenomenal, with the annual turnover of registering more than Rs. 1000 million during 2002-2003. Mr. Maiya was instrumental in transforming the status of his company from a small-scale unit to an ISO 9000 company with HACCP certification. Adoption of the internationally acclaimed -System Application Product in data processing, popularly known as â€Å"SAP†, by MTR Foods Ltd, for bringing up the management efficiency to be on par with

5 Gore Movies That Are Not For The Weak Hearted

5 Gore Movies That Are Not For The Weak Hearted Sitting in a dark theatre with a big screen and great sound may not be always fun. How do you feel watching tongues slashed with surgical knives, the human stomach spilled wide open as if someone is demonstrating the human anatomy and eyeballs rolling out on the floor? The grotesque movies often portray the hidden beasts in humans. If you are weak hearted, watching bucketloads of blood may churn your stomach. Here are 5 films that can take you through gruesome gore rides. Evil Dead A ‘scarefest’ that centers around a terrifying trip undertaken by 5 friends who stumble upon the ‘Book of the Dead’ and play an audiotape of demon-summoning chants accidentally. The gore is painful to the eyes and it can make you cringe. This cult classic, originally made in 1983, was remade in 2013. Both the films were rated NC-17. Ichi The Killer The mayhem portrayed in the movie may be tough to deal with. This Japanese crime movie portrays a psychopath who is manipulated into killing rivals of Yakuza gang. The graphic depictions of cruelty and gore scenes led to this movie being banned in several countries. The director, Takashi Miike, looks out for opportunities to dish out manga-style violence and sexulaity be it Ichi masturbating watching a pimp assaulting a prostitute or Kakihara torturing Suzuki by suspending him from ceiling with giant hooks. Cannibal Holocaust This is a gruesome movie that depicts the concept of cannibalism. The plot is revolves around a lost film-making crew that are abused and murdered by the cannibal Yacumo tribes of the Amazons while shooting a documentary on them. But as the story progresses, the evil intentions of the film crew is surfaced which leave the viewers to think who the real cannibals are. The civilized crew members torture and abuse the natives just to get the perfect shot for their movie who in turn just fight back to protect themselves. This Italian flick was from the perspective of a man who was a part of the rescue team sent to retrieve the film crew and the lost camera footage. Hostel This horror trilogy is full of brutality and bloodshed. Though the characters are different but each part of the ‘Hostel’ trilogy revolves around slaying, killing and decapitating and are some of the scariest and goriest movies of all time. The first part is about two college students who are entrapped in a hostel and are preyed upon by â€Å"The Elite Hunting Club† that tortures and slays the tourists for rich elites. The second and third part of the series also gives vivid graphic description of torturing of the backpackers by the club and mere survival of one of the many personae. The movie series by Eli Roth had a good box office collection despite being opposed to theatrical release because of the violent scenes. Saw Though known as ‘torture porn’ by the critics the series of movies were a financial success in the box office. Saw is known to be the best of horror franchise consisting of eight feature films released every year on Friday before Halloweens, from 2004 to 2010. In Saw VII (2010), the scene where Lawrence saws off his foot using a chain cutting saw is disturbing and can give you nightmares. The story revolves around a man who sets up tests for his random victims to account the will of survival through physical and psychological torments. After separating from his wife and grieving over his dead unborn baby, John is detected to be suffering from inoperable cancer and is dying. So, he plays games with people invading both physical and emotional pain in them, without direct killing. He gives them a chance of survival and the one failing the test lose their lives. He cut-out a piece of flesh in the shape of a missing jigsaw piece from the dead victim, hence attaining the name ‘Jigsaw’. These are some of the all-time bests of movies in the ‘horror’ and ‘crime’ genre that can send a chill down your spines. So, watch them at your own risk!

The resources mobilization theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The resources mobilization theory - Essay Example Social movement based on the definition shows that there are different conflicting groups engaging in a conflict to achieve certain objectives. Social movement is characterised by a number of features such as leadership, organization of the group and the activity the social movement group want to solve. The resources mobilization theory applies to social movement because social movement uses non-violent ways to inform the public and thereby making them aware of their goals. Achievements of the goals would happen because most of the pursuant know more about the community and the problems they are facing. Because of this, they pursue them to demonstrate peacefully and solve their grievances such as unemployment. Small community facing problems are acted upon by small networks, after that, more networks are created which would be strong to pursue the governing body such as federal government. Some of the social movements that work together to achieve their goals include the gay and lesb ian rights movement. Gay and lesbian rights movements have been demonstrative to express their rights and to be recognised by others. The groups have achieved their goals using available resources such as the formation of strong organizations (Costain and McFarland 59). Political revolutions arise when there is poor governance, which could be because of the changes the government made or the situation of governance is worse than the previous government. Political revolutions use both non-violent and violent ways to express their grievances to the governing body. The theory of relative deprivation relates well to political revolution; this can be shown by one of the political revolution which took place in US. The... The resources mobilization theory The framing theory is a process by which people change their ideas based on issues (Shepard 543). The resources mobilization theory is compelling because it directly points out that it is the resource which determines the rise of social movements. According to the theory, resources can be used by individuals to criticise the organisation or government. The resources in few are money, knowledge, internal or external support. Such resources help in supporting the social movements because their availability facilitates groups of individual to organise themselves. According to Shepard (543), resources such as money, power and leadership skills helped the civil rights movements in 1960 to stage wide spread protest. The author further shows that it is the resources at the centre of any uprising. In cases where resources are limited or not available, revolutions would not happen. This can be explained from one of the gay rights movements which failed because of unavailable resources. The ot her theories are close to the resources mobilization theory; the theory of relative deprivation shows the comparison done by persons thinking that they do not have enough or equal resources as others. The decision is made on the theory of resources mobilization because it is an instant way of rise in political revolution which can be facilitated by available resources. Despite the high expectation of digital media, the platform has some pitfalls to social and political revolutions.

Lawrence v. Texas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Lawrence v. Texas - Essay Example Many other reasons were given for declaring the statute illegal, but the second main issue for doing so was the fact that should the â€Å"deviant sex† be taking place between two consenting adults, and not involving minor children, public conduct, and/or prostitution, then it was not for the Court to â€Å"define the meaning of the relationship or to set its boundaries absent injury to a person or abuse of an institution the law protects† (6). The majority went on to say that, for the most part, adults could be trusted to enter into relationships of their own free will, as well as to consent to the type of sexual activity that would take place in them. Though this was a decidedly main issue, it can be said that it goes back to the first main issue, which was that adults, as adults, had a right to do what they wanted in their own homes, free from fear of punishment.  Central to the majority opinion was a previous case, Bowers v. Hardwick, decided in the opposite manne r of Lawrence v. Texas. In Bowers v. Hardwick, the laws were upheld, and sodomy was declared to be an illegal act. The majority of Lawrence v. Texas declared that the reasoning behind the decision made to be flawed, as the Court did not â€Å"appreciate the extent of the liberty at stake† (6). What the Court failed to consider was that, again, the case was about consensual acts private to a relationship, again taking place in the privacy of a home, and not in public view. They also, again, did not involve minors. Therefore, according to the majority opinion.... Though this was a decidedly main issue, it can be said that it goes back to the first main issue, which was that adults, as adults, had a right to do what they wanted in their own homes, free from fear of punishment. Central to the majority opinion was a previous case, Bowers v. Hardwick, decided in the opposite manner of Lawrence v. Texas. In Bowers v. Hardwick, the laws were upheld, and sodomy was declared to be an illegal act. The majority of Lawrence v. Texas declared that the reasoning behind the decision made to be flawed, as the Court did not â€Å"appreciate the extent of the liberty at stake† (6). What the Court failed to consider was that, again, the case was about consensual acts private to a relationship, again taking place in the privacy of a home, and not in public view. They also, again, did not involve minors. Therefore, according to the majority opinion, Bowers v. Hardwick should not have been allowed to uphold the laws in the first place, as individual libert ies were being infringed upon. From the remarks made, it can be concluded that Lawrence v. Texas was simply correcting a wrong, and doing what Bowers v. Hardwick should have done in the first place, which was to declare sodomy the natural act of a relationship, and not something dirty and illegal. There were those on the Supreme Court that disagreed with the majority opinion, chief among them Justice Scalia and Justice Thomas. Their reasoning was separately made in their dissents, with Justice Scalia having the longer of the two. Justice Thomas kept it brief, mainly stating that while he concurred with the fact that the law was â€Å"uncommonly silly† as it was

Jazz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Jazz - Essay Example In 1944 Davis was privy to observe the performance of a band comprised of jazz great, Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie. These two were creators of the then new bebop style of jazz known for its ‘fast’ and ‘dynamic rhythm variations’ (all.about.jazz 2009). Interestingly, Davis style was in direct contrast to this fast pace it was considered to be cool. It was so cool that his first recording which was initiated by him was called ‘Birth of the Cool’. This album would later be abducted to the Grammy Hall of Fame. In an attempt to emulate Parker and Gillespie Davis began a program of study in the Institute of Musical Art in New York City now known as Julliard in 1944. However, by 1945 he was requested to be a guest player at one of Parker’s show and so ended his study at Julliard’s. He became a full-time jazz musician. For the next three years Davis joined bands of the like of Benny Carter, Eckstine and Parker. During these years he made several recordings as a sideman. In 1948 Davis established his own band and eventually signed with Capitol Records. Subsequent to his signing with Capitol for several years Davis’ success was hindered by his use of heroin. Fortunately Davis was able to overcome this drug addiction and landed a contract with Columbia Records. Following his heroin years Davis went on to gain nine Grammy Awards and several other Grammy Nominations. One of his most famous recordings was in 1959 ‘Kind of Blue’ which sold more than ‘two million copies, a phenomenal success for a jazz record’ (all.about.jazz 2009). With albums like ‘Someday My Prince Will Come’, ‘Quiet Nights’, ‘Miles Davis in Europe’ and ‘Bitches Brew’ to name a few earned Davis these awards. His final Grammy in 1993 was a Grammy Award for Best Large Jazz Ensemble Performance for Miles and Quincy Live at Monteux. Clearly, Miles Davis was a legend in his own right. He created a new form of jazz which

Copley, Watson and The Shark Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Copley, Watson and The Shark - Essay Example This tension is evident in the painting Watson and the Shark. To prove that they are worthy painters at that time, artists would have to paint a historical painting. A historical painting was quite a testament to an artist’s skill because the painting is large and the historical details present in the painting should be accurate, since inaccuracy can result to embarrassment for the painter, as the errors are there for the audience to see. Usually, the subjects for historical paintings are biblical events and situations that preach morality and lessons. There are also paintings, like the name of the genre suggests, that chronicle historical events. Thus, it is also a responsibility of the painter to show the world which event is important and that judgment is also reflective of the painter’s priorities and personality. The historical paintings are artists’ interpretations of the said event; even if they have facts about the event, the painting is dependent on the artist’s knowledge of the event and this may lead to m isinterpretation. If an event is misinterpreted, then the painting is not a success. The subject of the painting Watson and the Shark is Brook Watson and it took place in Havana, Cuba in 1749. Brook Watson was the Lord Mayor of London at the time when he commissioned Copley to paint this unfortunate event in his life. He was fourteen years old when he went to Havana to work in his uncle’s trading ship. As a seaman, he was required to go out to sea. One day, while swimming, he was attacked by a shark. The shark attacked him twice: first by biting off a piece of flesh from his right calf, and then secondly, biting off his whole right foot. His colleagues, who were waiting for their captain to escort him to shore, helped him as they fought of the shark and saved Watson. This was considered to be the first shark attack (on a human) to be fully

Reading Log 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Reading Log 1 - Essay Example The child was raised in the family of her mother. The baby was taken home from the hospital to be cared for by her grandfather and aunts. No significant signs of abuse of the baby. However, the adult woman can vividly recall, in great detail the suffering and abuse that she suffered at the hands of the eldest sister of her mother who was assigned by the family to become the child's care taker. Sylvia recalls significant events of abuse that left her with a significant trauma both physically and emotionally. She has trust issues and finds it difficult to make friends as her aunt had raised her in a highly private and secretive atmosphere. No playmates or play dates were allowed. The child in essence was turned into a little adult who was oftentimes beaten up for acting like the child that she was either in public or private. Part of the abuse included locking her in the closet when she failed to clean up her room, dragging her out of the family home with her clothes being thrown out a s well once she failed to produce a passing mark in her school subjects, and threatening to kill the child when the child tried to fight off the physical abuse or tell other people about what was happening to her. Sylvia has carried this secret with her for the past 39 years and she has tried to overcome the nightmares of the trauma and abuse that she suffered by trying to lead a normal life. ... Sylvia due to the fact that she was but a helpless child when she was thrust into the abusive situation had no idea that she was in a destructive relationship with her caretaker. She thought of the physical abuse as part of the learning process of life. That she had to be hurt in order to learn how to do things properly. She equated the beatings with what she was told was her learning disability. That she was not capable of doing anything right the first time because she was a woman and therefore took longer to learn how to do things. This was a point of view that she carried with her for most of her life, up until the death of her abuser almost 10 years ago. Just like any abuser, her aunt relied on the fact that no adult would believe the stories that a 6 year old child would tell them about the beating that she was undergoing on a daily basis. She took pride in the fact that she could verbally threaten the child into keeping her secret in the guise of giving the child a life threat ening beating should the child attempt to tell anyone of the abuse. She preyed on the isolation of the child by threatening to throw her out of the house when the child felt like standing up for herself during certain physical abuse situations. It was only later on that Sylvia found out that her aunt was also the product of a physically abusive household. The aunt, who shall be hidden behind the name of Genie was raised as a helper in the household of her grandmother during World War 2. Her grandmother was also physically abusive and treated her grand daughter no better than she treated the maids. Genie was caught in a cycle of abuse and became an adult abuser because, from what I gleaned from the history of the family, she never managed to exact a type of

The History of Film Style. Narrative Structure and Cinematic Style Essay

The History of Film Style. Narrative Structure and Cinematic Style - Essay Example Classical Hollywood Cinematic style was developed in 1917 to 1960 and this style became popular due to international dominance of Hollywood films. Classical Hollywood Cinematic style has attained popularity at the global mainly due to unified driving force behind called as motivational convention. The period in which classical Hollywood films got famous is known as â€Å"Golden age of Hollywood† (Jewell 2007). After Golden age of Hollywood, innumerable films have been produced that have gained popularity at the global level, one of which is seven awards winning recent film entitled as "Lantana". Along with the rise of Classical Hollywood films attention of film professionals also diverted towards arts films during 1960s. Art films involve reflection of high cultural and educational values. These films focus on the authorial expressivity of the director on actions and perceptions of characters. In both types of cinematic work, innovative techniques or styles are used for the de velopment and exploration of new ideas (Jewell 2007). This paper aims to evaluate narrative styles and cinematic techniques of Classical and Art films of Hollywood. Also, most importantly the influence of these styles on New Hollywood and New Australian film directors with reference to an Australian film Lantana (2001) by Ray Lawrence. It is an Australian film that won seven awards and popularity all over the world. In this film, some most prominent traditional stylistics and narrative techniques of classical and art films era have been adopted. The term classic flickers some timeless, great, old, black and white films on our mind screens and these are true stereotypes. However, there are some traditional styles, modes of representation and techniques, which are used to make classical films to awe-inspiring in quality. In almost all classical films an element of â€Å"auteurism† has been observed, which implies that the vision and viewpoint of the director should be clearly r eflect in the film (D. Bordwell 1997). A touch of auteurism has been clearly reflected in the film Lantana (2001) by Ray Lawrence. This touch was noticed with the intensity and analysis of a complex series of relationships in suburban Sydney, and the mysterious crime scenes. In art film cinema different films such as auteur films are presented that clearly depicts viewpoints and perceptions of directors like Classical Hollywood films. An element of "auteurism" was prioritized in both classical and art films of Hollywood. Thus, it is noteworthy here that the new directors have also adopted theory of auteurism in their films that clearly reflects thoughts and ideas of a director. For instance, Lantana movie critics have claimed that the way whole movie has been designed and produced reflects upon the personality analysis of Lawrence, and it can be explicitly observed the way he presented emotional bonds in the film are his own perspectives. Also, film literature has evidenced that the film Picnic at Hanging Rock released in 1975 was based on the Joan Landsey book related to unpredictable disappearance of a schoolgirls. Scholars have written that this was a sharp you turn in the development of Australian cinema, as it was the first quality film in which the theory of Auteurism was applied and as a result Weir became the first director to reflect inferiority of Australian culture (Weir 1975). Radical techniques have been employed to create a sense of profound thoughts through photography, which ensured that photography focus everything in shot and implementation of a â€Å"Mise-en-Scene† stylistic technique allow viewers observe deeply. While using this stylistic

Prison-Building in the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Prison-Building in the UK - Essay Example How a job is going to be attained is an issue that relates mainly to procurement. There are three different main routes of procurement which one could follow. The first option is perhaps the most obvious, PFI (private finance initiative) procurement, is classic and actually quite attractive. For the purposes of this project, PFI will not be used. However it is helpful to know what it is exactly. Private finance initiatives are usually used when the public sector arranges to buy services, with very empirically-based outcomes from the private sector. This is ongoing for a long time, which includes the maintenance and/or construction of the appropriate designs so that management by the private sector is maximized by the private finance being at a high risk. Next, which is not as innately apparent, is prime contracting. In this instance, a sole contractor is in the place of being the point man for a client in the public realm to produce deliverable goods-such as a completed construction project with budgetary constraints. The next and final procurement option is design and build, wherein one contractor, also indebted to a client in the public realm, has a single outcome specified. Unlike the prime contracting model, there is no pre-agreed cost data. Basically, the fact that these prisons are not being built with private finance initiative procurement is problematic. First, the fact that the money being spent would be taken from private funding would ensure that the public was not being swindled. Secondly, if something went wrong with the project, the money being spent would not be public monies. In fact, the fact that the monies that will be spent are public monies is highly problematic. How then does the prison industry make sure that it is being faithful to its intended purpose (housing prisoners). Someone, if this is public funds being used, must be kept accountable in terms of how the public's money or tax dollars are being spent. Private finance initiative pro curement monies would be safer to use because if the money is not utilized properly, the private sector could more easily sue for damages. However, since the money is the public's money, the public does not necessarily have a representative in place to represent their interests, needs, and wants with regard to how the project is coming along. In this way, there is much more potential for abuse when it comes to the public's money being spent on the prison programme. SECTION II. III. Question II In the opinion of Ramus, et. al. (2006), "After a client has selected an appropriate procurement strategy for his building project, the next stage will be a review of how best to obtain the resources that will be necessary for him to have the work carried out. In most instances, client organizations will have limited skills and resources" (pp. 68). There are four different types of contracts which could be utilized in this situation: a contract based on bills of

Video Game Effect Essay Example for Free

Video Game Effect Essay There are millions of people who play highly controversial games like Grand Theft Auto and other violence video games, realize that it is a game and do not do things they do in the game in real life. If people believe that video games cause behavior problems, they are underlying issues with the gamer himself, and not with the software, but according to American Psychological Association, almost ninety percent of kids between the ages eight and sixteen are addicted to video game especially the violent one. The average girls spends almost six to eight hour week’s playing video games which does not sound bad comparing to boys who spends an average of thirteen hours a week. Some parents reported that video games only describe virtual reality, and should not translate into real world problem. However, children are more likely to imitate the actions of a character with which they classify themselves with. In all violent video games, players are often required to take point of view of the shooter or perpetrator, which show a change of their behavior. Study shows that repetition increases learning and video games required repetition in order to master control characters movement. If the game is violent, then the effect is a behavioral practice for a violent activity. These children who are involve in playing violent video games are more aggressive than who are not involve with these game, which at some point of their life, they will get heart or might die because of their action. Recently, parents become unaware with their kids behavior in real life. Some of them let their kids do whatever they like to do like playing violent video games for long hours or watching brutal shows on television. Report by American Psychological Association â€Å"disagree that violent video games cause behavior problems, because the choices people make cause violent behavior. Video games, even the violent once, can be good experience. † But parents need to teach their kids those video games need to be separate from reality. The choices they make in their daily life have absolutely nothing to do with video games. In fact they may be able to take out any aggressions that they have on a video game, rather than go out and beat someone up, that what their parents believe, but what they do not know is playing video game frequently for long hours has a huge negative on kids because it feed their brain with aggression, violence, and fighting which creates problems such as poor social skills from kids to their parents and the outside world. Sociology studies shows that boys by the age of twenty-one had spend more than 10000 hours or more just by playing video games American Psychological Association wrote â€Å"97% between the age 12 to 17 in the US played video game†¦ top 10 out of 20 were violent. † USA today made study twenty years ago about sixty percent of American family had sat down as family dinners, same study last year the number drop down to twenty percent. Because kids are spending their times on video game, it creates huge problems such as poor social skills, poor grade in school, and live in hostile environment. Psychologist concludes, that video game is nature requirement activities, because it based on reward system and as human we try to be satisfied and achieved all requirements. For example, in video game Mafia 2, the character is required to rob bank which is the basic objective. But if the player kills all securities without triggering the alarm, the player will receive bounce. Since all players love to achieve more, they will do the mission, after completing the mission they will play it again in order to get the bounces. If parents are worried that their children are addicted to violent video game and spending so much time playing it, they should set limits, like playing video game for an hour after completing their homework, also try to encourage their children to play outside, and do other activity. Parents must check the Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB) to learn about the video game’s content and what age range it belongs to. Parents should strongly monitor their children about video games that they are buying, and from online games. Violent video games have been blamed for increase bullying, assaulting women, and school shooting, because violent games teach children that violence is way to solve problems and it is acceptable in this world. Studied showed that sixty percent of middle school children who played at least one video game that rated mature has hit, beat, and assault other students. Also it shows that students who committed this violence act were enjoying inflected pain and become less forgiving. For example, in Bully the character have to fight with teacher and other student in order to be popular in school. In other word, this video game encourages kids to be disrespectful to the elder and to the other student. Female in violent video games are mostly present as explore to sexual contact, like being rape, get killed, and thrown behind the bushes. What make it ironic is the player is rewarded by getting some extra feature. For example, in LA Noire the character is homicide, in one of his chapter the player must solve several of cases that women been rape, nude, murder, and thrown in dumpster or tree. In 1998 study shows that thirty percent of violent video games involve women been attacked and rape. Another example, in Grand Theft Auto, which considers one of the best seller games in 2008, player must gain money to be able to buy armor or guns so the player will target female for two reasons. First, they carry more cash, and second they weak. Schools shooting have been connected to shooting video games. Students who have been exposed to violent video games held more violent attitudes, had more hostile personalities, were less forgiveness, and believed that being sadistic with other is normal. Seung-Hui Cho the student who opened fire at Virginia Tech incident. He was addicted to shooting game called Counter Strike, the objective of that game is to kill the other team where character are allowed to buy guns, armor, and grenade. Every time the character kill member of the other team he rewarded with money. If parents and schools are affected by kids who play violent video games for long hours, it means media and society are affected too. Societies are concern with violence and media including the internet have extend worlds of video game, especially the violent one, such as the Hitman series, Grand Theft Auto, Mortal Kombat, and more. The character in video games may get away when he committed crime or brutal events. As adults they know the different between real life and fiction one, but kids do not know that. Kids might steal money or attack other kids believing they will get away. For example, in Grand Theft Auto player can steal car, run over pedestrian, and hit another car. With kind action the police well attempt to arrest you character. However, if the character were able to drive fast or hide inside building for couple of minutes police will ignore you and let you free.

Feedback Loops Essay Example for Free

Feedback Loops Essay DMSS processing will produce a variety of evaluation-specific outputs. A main document will be synthesized with the forecasts and reports regarding the DMSS effectiveness. The following will be enumerated in this document. (i) Organization performance, as well as, maturity assessments of the decision maker will be decomposed by the outcome projections. (ii) Phase and step ratings will be the separated form of the process projections, as well as, productivity appraisals and personal efficiency. (iii) The usage of the evaluated DMSS will determine the overall decision value. (iv) Further processing will be done by the advice and recommendation of the logic leading. The detailed documentation will be provided by such an enumeration, by which, the evaluation will be justified properly. The user will be available with several output options. The desired section of the main output will be displayed by the users on the monitor, and display will be able to print by the users. Alternatively, the entire document could be saved by the user into a file, and a hard copy could be printed for the display of the results. Point-and-click operations will allow the selection of all these options, which will allow the transparency of the processing to the user. Database entries can be updated or revised, specific knowledge can be evaluated, and evaluation model can be operational by the use of feedback from the actions of the evaluator, as signified by the input loop. The original analyses and evaluations can be modified, extended, and guided by the use of output feedback, as shown by the bottom loop. What-if-type sensitivity analyses have been included in the important further evaluations. In these analyses, specified changes in the outcome or process measures and their reactions on the DMSS effectiveness can be determined by the evaluator. (Dean 2006) Reliability of CBTIs (Customized Business Technical Information) Many computer-based systems for test interpretation also include options for computerized test administration and scoring. In most (but not all) cases, CBTIs have been constructed for instruments originally developed as non-computerized measures, raising issues regarding the equivalence of computerized and non-computerized administration formats. Concluded that by and large, computer-administered tests are essentially equivalent to booklet-administered tests. However, findings reported in that article and elsewhere suggest that conclusions regarding equivalence are more ambiguous than this. Scholar argued that equivalence between testing formats should be evaluated along both psychometric dimensions and experiential ones (eg, perceptual and attitudinal processes). They concluded that most studies have not addressed all the criteria for equivalence and have usually ignored possible differences in variances and criterion validity between computerized and traditional procedures. Although the strongest evidence for psychometric equivalence has been obtained for computerized adaptations of paper-and-pencil measures of personality, even here the data are mixed. For example, Honaker and Fowler cited four studies between 1974 and 1987 comparing computerized and booklet MMPI administration formats in which significant mean score differences were found on one or more scales. They noted that the status of the MMPI equivalency research is somewhat discouraging because the number of studies on the MMPI far exceeds that done for any other assessment instrument. A significant potential advantage of automated administration of psychological tests lies in computerized adaptive testing (CAT) in which only a subset of the complete item pool is presented, based on known item-response properties and idiographic response patterns of the respondent. Items lying outside the floor and ceiling of the individuals response pattern (i. e. , having either very high or very low probabilities of being answered in a particular direction) are omitted, thus providing greater efficiency of testing. Moreover, because CAT tailors the test to each individual, and each person responds to different subsets of items, anyone can be measured with the same degree of precision (i. e. , the same standard error), facilitating both accuracy and potential validity in predicting non-test criteria.

Importance Of Soil Conservation Environmental Sciences Essay

Importance Of Soil Conservation Environmental Sciences Essay Quantitative determination of the extent and impact of soil erosion by water in the tropics have been sketchy. However all available evidence indicates that accelerated erosion is a problem of serious magnitude and with a multitude of negative effects in many tropical countries. The awareness to conserve soil began approximately nine thousand years ago when human civilization shifted from nomadic hunting and gathering experience to a more permanent, settled and intensive soil-dependent plant and animal farming systems (Miller, Rasmussen and Meyer, 1985). Soil provides the medium from which most of the sustenance for humankind is derived. This thin, complex, crustal carpet uniquely integrates many attributes of the lithosphere, atomosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere (Miller, Rasmussen and Meyer 1985). Soil is regarded as a nonrenewable source since its formation from the parent rock material to an agriculturally productive growth medium is a very slow process (Lal 1990). The top soil is where most of the living activities of both flora and fauna take place. According to Brady and Weil 1999, the top soil is the upper most part of the soil ordinarily moved in tillage or its equivalent in uncultivated soils which range in depth from 7 to 25 cm (the plow layer). Removal of this plant nutrient enriched topsoil due to soil erosion would result in lowering of soil fertility through losses of both organic matter and nutrients which would result in decline of crop yields (Lal 1986; Rose and Dalal 1988). This loss in soil productivity due to erosion is serious in caribbean countries where fertilizer substitute for the lost plant nutrients is not affordable. This would lead to poorer soil profile characteristics such as low organic matter levels (Rose 1989;Rose 1998). Soil Erosion is perhaps the most serious form of land degradation throughout the world. For the tropics specifically, while it is acknowledged that erosion is more serious than else where, no analytical or systematic studies have been undertaken to document the problem, it consequences or potential solutions. Soil erosion results in lost water and plant nutrients at rates even greater than those occurring naturally through leaching ( Brady and Weil 1999). If there are no conservation practices present, soil erosion will occur and land degradation, reduced productivity due to loos of top soil, increased runoff and off site sedimentation problems (such as siltation of bodies of water and damage to crops and roads) will occur. The consequent socio-economic costs of sometimes more obvious off site damage are commonly easier to identify and quantify (Chrisholm 1987; Rose 1993). 1.2 Soil Conservation Strategies The caribbean is characterized by steep slopes. The degrees of steepness and the proportion of the land area classified as steep may vary. In Trinidad and Tobago, a larger propotion of steep slopes is still covered with natural vegetation which reduces the soil washed off the surface. Trinidad is marked with a long dry season in the early part of the year and then followed by an intense wet season. Most erosion occurs when the land is cleared of vegetation for farming. This usually occurs just before the rainy season. It is important to note however that most food crop production in Trinidad as well as the rest of the Caribbean, is carried out by small farmers on sloping land with no attention to soil conservation practices. This is the main reason for severe soil erosion in Trinidad and Tobago and by extension the Caribbean. Soil conservation is understood as not only involving the control of loss of soil material due to erosion but also the decline in fertility (chemical, physical and biological breakdown of the soil). (Young 1984). The adverse effect of soil erosion is not confined only to decrease in soil depth but ultimately to the loss loss of organic matter and plant nutrients and consequently to degradation of soil physical properties and crop yield decline ( Young 1984). It is important to note however that treating the benefits of soil conservation in isolation from other agricultural improvements does not assure adoption of the soil conservation practice (Young 1984). Integration of soil conservation is important ( Douglas 1988; Shaxson 1988). Sheng and Meiman (1988) stated reasons for the difficulty of farmers in adopting soil conservation practice. The reasons are as follows: i) long time for the result of soil conservation to be realized, ii) identification of benefits from soil conservation and iii) the need for big investments by farmers. It is important to note however that Williams and Walter (1988), in a terracing project in Venezuela, found that improvement in the living incomes and opportunites for employment, increases the difficulty of motivating the farmers to adopt soil conservation practices. Apparently when low income and underemployment prevail, farmers easily participate in soil conservation programmes (Williams and Walter 1988; Liao et al 1988). The adverse effect of soil erosion is not confined only to loss of soil particles but also the loss of organic matter and plant nutrients. As a result of this crop yield decline will occur (Young 1984). Conservation farming should serve as the basis for counteracting the problem of soil erosion. To carry out this approach in developing countries, novel approaches in extension and research are needed. The majority of the soil conservation techniques were developed in the United States of America under condtions different from the other parts of the world experiencing erosion (Sheng, 1982; Hudson 1988; Sheng 1988). The techniques that worked well in the United States were extrapolated to the tropics in the 1930s and 1940s. It took fifty years to realize that these methods were unsuitable for the tropics ( Hudson,1987; Hudson 1988). The dominant traditional farming system in the tropics are the shifting cultivation and related bush fallow systems (Okigbo and Greenland, 1976). The non-ac ceptance of the many recommendations on soil conservation methods is attributed to their in appropriateness and incompatibility with the farmers operating environment (Douglas, 1988). The following agricultural conditions in the United States of America paved the way for the development of soil conservation activities (Hudson,1982;Hudson 1987): Combined good topography and favourable climate Low population pressure for intensive land use Strong and sustained government support well educated and informed agriculture sector Readily available credit and financial support Reliable prices and market outlets for agricultural produce Highly developed and highly mechanized agricultural industry. According to Hudson (1987), the absence of these conditions in most developing countries made the North American approach to soil conseration in appropriate. The absence of political will, or the limitations in or lack of resources often hindered soil conservation programmes in developing countries. The main aim of soil conservation should be preventation rather than cure. Soil conservation activity should be focused mainly on preserving good land rather than reclaiming damaged land. Without waiting for visible soil erosion damage, farmers should be encouraged to understand that there is a need for soil conservation due to continuing reduction in agricultural yield (Hudson, 1987). Loss of agricultural productivity should be emphasized in any soil conservation programme. For sometime, soil erosion research activities had almost been exclusively directed towards uantfying soil loss, hence data on the effect of soil erosion on agriculture productivity is seriously lacking (Crosson and Stout, 1983; ASAE,1985; Follet and Stewart, 1985; Stocking, 1985). Removal of topsoil resulted in decline of yield of a variety of agricultural crops (El-Swaify, Dangler and Amstrong 1982). Factors like type of soil, depth of soil, fertility status, topography, and type of crop affected the size of the decline in agricultural yield (Frye et al, 1982; Langdale and Schrader, 1982; Schertz 1983). There is limited data for soil and crops in the tropics (Lal, 1977). The effects of soil erosion on soil productivity in the tropics are move severe than for temperate countries (Moberg, 1972). This is because of highly weathered soils, fragile fertility status and most crop nutrents are found in the topmost layer of the soil. There is also significant deterioration of physical qualities of the soil as a growing medium after soil erosion (Lo, 1990). Higher erosion rates, the more severe changes in chemical qualities resulting from erosion and the inability of the farmer to provide the necessary inputs for restoring those qualities to a sufficient level were the primary reasons given for these conclusions (El-Swaify, 1990). The benefits of soil conservation are not immediately realized in every case and may initially result in crop yield reductions (John 1988). Improvement in agricultural production, rather than mitigating soil erosion, is of more significance and desirable for the farmer, while prevention of soil loss is an unreal concept for them (Hudson, 1987). The new approach of soil conservation will be a mixture of both agronomy measures as well as mechanical works ( Tracy, 1988). Mechanical systems are frequently expensive, consume space and time, need regular maintenance and do not assure improved crop production (Roose, 1988). Too much emphasis put into mechanical works discourages effective soil conservation policies (Rose, 1989). Conservation farming systems include improved farming, with mechanical protection works being a component of last resort. This approach is consistent with the principle that improved agricultural production should lead to better soil erosion control (Hudson 1988). Biological measures provide immediately recognizable short term benefits to farmers. Any mechanical work involved in soil conservation must m aximize the use of locally available experts, minimize, the use of structures and required labour. Community involvement must be involved (Hudson, 1987). To gain acceptance by farmers, any proposed soil conservation strategy should offer short-term, apparent, rapid or immediately recognizable, directly effective benefits and positive results, particularly for subsistence farmers who work in a short-time scale and who comprise a large percentage of farmers in less developed countries (Harper and El-Swaify 1988; Hudson,1988; Lovejoy and Naiper, 1988; Sanders, 1988; Thomas 1988; Tracy, 1988; Wenner, 1988; Williams and Walter, 1988). Soil conservation techniques recommended for farmers should be simple, easily understood and demonstrated, low cost, productive, sustainable and acceptable (Douglas, 1988;Vonk 1988). Conservation measures should involve principles that can be applied to more than one situation. However, methods and techniques are often site specific and caution should be exercised in extrapolating them to other sites (Saunders 1988). Adoption of soil conservation technology is assured if the farmers have full understanding, support and participation in all the stages of the project, from planning, implementation to maintenance (Harper and El-Swaify, 1988; Sanders, 1988; Vonk 1988; Tracy 1988). Farmers full participation is ensured if they are convinced that their relevant and important needs can be adequately met (Sanders 1988). Thus the farmer needs to be recognized as part of the solution rather than a part of the problem (Hudson,1987; Hudson,1988).

Government Essay -- essays research papers

Governments Today Should governments today play a greater role in the operation of their economies? In a perfect world everyone would have a job, and would have all which they need to live, however, this is not always the case. Poorer countries may not have the necessary productivity to sustain their economies, working conditions may be awful, or sometimes people may not even have the right to own and operate their own business. This situation is probably caused from too much government intervention. On the other hand, if there is too little government intervention the workers rights could be exploited in order for the industry owners to make more profit. In order for a nation’s economy to be successful, that nation must have high productivity, rights for all of its population, and a high standard of living. This can be achieved through some government regulation and the successful use of some points of the market economy system. Some countries that have, or had, a failing economy used centrall y planned economic ideologies. The Soviet Union is a good example of a country that has used centrally planned economic ideas and that has had their economy fail. The failure of the Soviet Union’s economy was the effect of no substantial change in the way the economy was run in over 60 years. In 1928, Stalin wanted to improve the country’s economy by increasing its industrialization. In order for increased industrialization, an increase of productivity was in need. The first five-year plan Stalin implemented drastically increased the USSR’s production of steel, electric power, machinery, and new industries. However, peasants, who were once farmers and now worked in factories, were frustrated since they were not prepared for their new way of life. These peasants were forced to work in the factories since new machinery had replaced them on the farms were they once worked. However, the new machinery helped to increase agricultural production since they were more ef ficient and effective. The larger collective farms that could afford the modern machinery were urged to act against the kulaks (rich peasant farmers). The kulaks refused to sell their excess grain were forced to hand over their land to the government. Most of them burned their crops, killed their livestock, and destroyed the machinery in attempts to defy the government. The kulaks caused famine to sweep over th... ... conditions, because factory owners did not regard the safety of their workers, many workers often died because of their jobs, or suffered great injuries that would not able them to work at all. The Soviet Unions’ economic collapse and the Industrial Revolution workers working conditions tell us that a mixed economic system is the best choice for today’s countries. This is because with out government control in the economy workers can be exploited with out any regard for their safety or well being. However, in an economy, where there is total government control the workers may lose initiative to work and the economy may collapse. The best examples of a stable economy that protects the rights of the people are the United States and Canada. This is because their productivity increases as their population increases, and the workers do not face horrible working conditions. Also, Canada and the United States enjoy a high standard of living, and people can enjoy the freed om to operate their own private businesses. Simply government control is necessary to protect the rights of people, but some points of the capitalist economic system are necessary to take care of the consumer’s needs.

Stephen Cranes The Monster as the Most Important work of short fiction

â€Å"At once a children’s tale, a grim social satire, an ambitious study of ethical responsibility, a painful examination of race in America, a devastating account of the village virus†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"The Monster† by Stephen Crane, has been interpreted as the most significant work of short fiction written before 1900. It is a compilation of different issues used to highlight the racist attitudes and xenophobia evident in the USA after slavery was abolished in 1863. Despite the fictional plot, the views of the white population of Whilomville are based on fact, as the racist feelings were still palpable evinced by derogatory terms such as â€Å"Negro†. Along with the race struggle, social satire is apparent, as evidently the story is classified as Southern Gothic. With a Gothic overtone Crane is able to explore the satirical society in which the story is set, to delve into concerns of social satire, ethical responsibility, race struggles and the â€Å"village virus†. Throughout â€Å"The Monster†, Crane exemplifies the social hypocrisy and identifies this as an issue in contemporary society. Before Henry became â€Å"frightfully seared†, he was high in social status. This is portrayed through descriptions of the towns-people of Whilomville, which is place loosely based on Crane’s childhood hometown of Port Jervis, New Jersey. He was a â€Å"well-bred gentleman†, who was constantly given â€Å"quiet admonitions and compliments†. Miss Bella Farragut exclaimed that â€Å"Misteh Johnsing† was simply â€Å"divine†, as they were soon to be engaged. Their opinions though, were greatly reversed after the fire incident, when â€Å"his face had simply been burned away†. When Alek, his â€Å"ol’ frien’†, first saw Henry after the accident, he â€Å"gasped for a second, and then â€Å"yelled the yell of... ...o mock and ridicule Henry, by chasing him, â€Å"firing rocks†. Similarly, hierarchy is central to society. There is a reversal in the social ladder, as Henry was a dominant figure, but after the incident this was overturned due to his appearance. However, it is ironic as Henry’s deed is the indisputable act, as he does not criticise others, and he performs the act of ultimate kindness – jeopardising his own life to rescue Jimmie from the fire. â€Å"The Monster† is depicted as the most significant work of short fiction written before 1900, primarily because Crane has used the Southern Gothic subgenre, in order to accumulate an abundance of issues such as racism and the â€Å"village virus†. Crane exploited small-town experiences to illustrate the flaws in the community, to present a microcosm and a warning for the readers, to deter them from becoming the ostensible monsters.

Relational Model :: essays research papers

The Relational Database Model A database can be understood as a collection of related files. How those files are related depends on the model used. Early models included the hierarchical model (where files are related in a parent/child manner, with each child file having at most one parent file), and the network model (where files are related as owners and members, similar to the network model except that each member file can have more than one owner). The relational database model was a huge step forward, as it allowed files to be related by means of a common field. In order to relate any two files, they simply need to have a common field, which makes the model extremely flexible. Poet Code First Name Surname Age 1 Mongane Afrika 62 2 Stephen Serote 58 3 Tatumkhulu Watson 29 Poem Title Poet Wakening Night 1 Thrones of Darkness 2 Once 3 These two tables relate through the code field in the poet table, and the poet field in the poem table. We can see who wrote the poem 'Once' by following the relationship, and see that it was poet 3, or Tatumkhulu Watson. In 1970, when E.F. Codd developed the model, it was thought to be hopelessly impractical, as the machines of the time could not cope with the overhead necessary to maintain the model. Of course, hardware since then has come on in huge strides, so that today even the most basic of PC's can run sophisticated relational database management systems. Together with this went the development of SQL. SQL is relatively easy to learn and allows people to quickly learn how to perform queries on a relational database. This simplicity is part of the reason that relational databases now form the majority of databases to be found. Basic Terms An understanding of relational databases requires an understanding of some of the basic terms. Data are the values stored in the database. On its own, data means very little. "43156" is an example. Information is data that is processed to have a meaning. For example, "43156" is the population of the town of Littlewood. A database is a collection of tables. Each table contains records, which are the horizontal rows in the table. These are also called tuples. Each record contains fields, which are the vertical columns of the table. These are also called attributes. An example would be a product record.

Reflective Statement The Great Gatsby Essay

The Great Gatsby is a novel written by F. Scott Fitzgerald. It is said to be one of the greatest American novels of the last century, not only for it’s tale of hope and disillusion, but also for the way it portrayed the spirit of the 1920s. The information from the presentations made me realize that the characters in the story weren’t just any upperclass; they were the social and cultural upperclass of the world. The presentations also made me develop my understanding of the background of their arrogant and lavish behavior. They were born into the old elite and were stupendously rich in the wealthiest country in the world. They lived extravagant lives in a careless post-war time with mass media covering their lives in the tabloids. Another factor that contributed to this feeling of being superior must have been the lack of authorities and strong politicians. As the economy ran itself and the politicians were incompetent, the cultural elite were literally on top of the world. They distanced themselves from institutions and history and lived their lives in a social bubble, respecting only those who were a part of their class. The dream of being famous and glamourous bloomed in the 1920s and was distributed to the public through the mass media. The dream was available for everyone, and people strived to become a part of the cultural elite. The main characters in The Great Gatsby were already there, as a natural part of the scene. They lived luxurious and careless lives, following the latest trends, listening to the new music and attending extravagant parties. From the presentations I also learned about modernist literature. A significant trait of this genre is the break with traditions and the search for an absolute truth and a meaning of life elsewhere. The upperclass seemed to have lost their meaning in life in their extravagant lifestyle. Previously I had not given the social context too much thought, and without the information from the presentations, I may would just have seen the tragic love story of the book, and not how the book is a picture of and a comment to the 1920s life.

Analysis Essay of Aria by Richard Rodriguez

NOUR BAHRI EN1111 Academic Writing M. Antoniadou 29th October2012 digest look for of Aria by Richard Rodriguez (2nd draft) This move, titled Aria, earlier published in 2008, is an autobiographic try out of the authors puerility, Richard Rodriguez. In his essay, Richard is a get windst multilingual educators, who think that children in their first eld of naturalise should be educated in their native utter language. According to him this instruction outline is wrong, wont be beneficial, wherefore children should be educated in the same language as the reality one.Rodriguezs main point is to strongly come on children of immigrant parents to adopt position, the human beings language as their main language in crop to find assimilated in the semipublic night club and have a better future. Ricardo describes his childhood as a child of Mexican immigrant parents studying in an English initiate in America, where he had problems in communicating at school because he did n ot k directly the public language, English.At first, he was shy and timid at school because he was odouring un pleasant with English, besides with his parents and teachers help he raised his hand to volunteer an declaration, from that day he moved real far from the disadvantaged child(288). He then started odour as an American citizen. Although Rodriguez admits that he lost the strong matter at berth with his parents, he emphasizes that the damage implies the set ahead(291). Rodriguez supports his argument against bilingual education by using mainly the secernate technique in stray for the readers to run low more than than sensitive to his topic and argumentRichards entire essay is based on the strain amid the deviation in private and the gain in public. By presenting those two opposed extremes, readers become more sensitive to his argument as his essay becomes more realistic. In the part of the private loss, Ricardo faces problems at family line, since he came to look at that he was an American citizen, at least(288). So the prehistorical refers to before Richard trusts that he was an American citizen at the age of 7. Ricardo uses frequently the negation arks in order to support that they delayed a lovable family, but one greatly changed, No longer so close no longer bound, neither my of age(p) br another(prenominal) nor sister, Nor did I this final stage in a separate time to accentuate his position and the negation (288). He contrasts this reinvigorated situation with the one they had in the quondam(prenominal) times where after dinner each night, the family self-possessed(287). Readers feel that in the past family bonds and ties were stronger and the raise was full of joy and laughs, everyone laughed(287).Thereby, Richard utilize we (we cont demolition) as for him and his family that has a stronger meaning and intension since they where disembodied spirit closer, as a whole. only likewise, in the past Richard was impa tient to go back home, where he could actually call the language, now he says, gone was the desperate, urgent, anxious jot of being at home (288). Furthermore, after this feeling of closeness diminished, muteness started taking place in the family as Richard explains that as we children learned more and more English, we shared few and fewer spoken language with our parents (288).So in the past, children were more comfortable in address Spanish with their parents and rung a language, which the parents actually understand and reply with relaxation, the house was full of language of home(286). By speaking English so much, a gap between Richard and his parents grew. after(prenominal) this process of Americanization, the relieve at home, however, was in conclusion more than a literal silence(289). He uses a lot rule books in relation to the ear and listening as sounds listen, listening, perceive and speaking(289).Furthermore, Spanish started becoming foreign to him and English, which is the public language became his primary language. In the past he utilise to call his parents mama and papa, and now that English is his primary language he calls them mother and father (289). At the destination of his essay Richard said that his childhood started to end the day he took the decision that his wants to feel like an American citizen.Richard, most probably, associates the word childhood with his past, before he came to believe that he was an American citizen a past where he had strong bonds with his parents, the feeling of protective cover and other that they are his parents, Spanish join them. However, as he became less self-confident with his private individualism, he started becoming increasingly confident of his new public indistinguishability because the belief that he belonged in public had taken hold. Richard presents in his essay the other side of the game, of learning English and feeling as an American citizen because as he said the loss i mplies the gain(291).By the gain he means the gain in public, public identity. An important outstanding event occurred, it is the one that resulted in a big change in Richards life. And this was the day Richard raised his hand in class to volunteer an answer. This event brought him a lot forward, as he was no longer feeling as a disadvantaged child. Moreover, as Richard began to hear more and more English, the high, troubling sounds of los gringos became unnoticeable to him he was no longer an alien in gringo society(288). Whereas before he came to believe he was an American citizen, los gringos had a badness connotation, full of bitterness or suspect (288).Rodriguez became more confident of himself in speaking English, and he finally heard words, not just sounds. Richard insists in the difference between sound and words (which in the past sounds were helping him in understanding the situation) (288). He came to realize that sound and word were tightly wedded after his Americaniz ation (288). He has also contrasting feelings he was often woolly-headed and always relieved to realize how silent, though crowded with words his day in public had been (288). Richard means that, since he was feeling more comfortable with English, the words were more powerful and meaningful.Before the dramatic event, English was a foreign language to him, he mat up like a stranger to it (287). worthy more familiar with English helped Richard to come through many things. He began doing well in school, he made friends and he was feeling more comfortable talking to batch in public. Assimilating to the American finish helped Richard feel more at ease among the other American students. So we understand that the public identity he achieved was a great success to him (288). Finally Richard at the end of his essay, make things more clear, and the contrast is still visible.He responds to bilingual educators, who have to abstract between private individuality and public individuality. While becoming assimilated into public society, such assimilation makes possible the exertion of public individuality(290). Richard points out that in public, by contrast, full individuality is achieved(290). So according to him, the public gain is in truth important and that is why in his essay the gain is stressed more than the loss. To conclude, in his autobiographic essay, Richard successfully used the contrast technique in order to give a full jut of his argument and be more convincing.There was a deep intimacy with his family and the painful feeling of public alienation. However, as he grew up and with his Americanization, this became only the past meaning that at that place were no longer good bonds in the family and in public he gained an identity and individuality. Rodriguez offers a contrasting truth composition our heritage and culture may remain forever tied to our native language, the only way we can truly become a part of our community and suss out in is to domin ate the current spoken language. Word count 1280 Work quotation mark Rodriguez, Richard. The Norton Reader2008, ww Norton Company,

The Evolution of Racial Inequality

Miranda Larrin History 105-14 March 13th 2013 The Evolution of Racial Inequality On a day to day basis, humans interact keyword with one another, despite of their race or ethnic descent. However, that is not the way it has always been. Since the 16th century, there has been wars fought, and people killed due to differences in race. Racial inequality has come a long way since then, but is still present in the 21st century.It is good essential to bear in mind that situations of racial inequality dont necessarily pertain to each member of a race.The important question of the matter is what does it matter? The term â€Å"race† came from racism itself. Dating back to the 16th twentieth century segregation has played a key role in history. Not only for the United States, but worldwide.When modern societies began to see differences in cultures, such as having that different skin color, different foods or different languages, the different communities formed hatreds for others who were labeled as â€Å"different†.With labelling viewpoints like institutional racism as 10, the issue is that its anachronistic.

The Europeans began moving the Herrera’s to concentration camps to kill them, all for land. In the 1940’s Hitler wanted to form a new order of pro Nazi Germany. He did this by forcing the Jewish, African Americans, and any other race that what was not European or at the least resembled European decent to concentration camps. Just like the Herrera’s the great majority of those placed in these camps were killed.Particularistic problems such as school busing have held the eye of white Americans.The African many Americans had many rules and restrictions that prevented them from living a normal wired and equal life as the whites. We also forbid them from displaying for sale at the domestic market or from carrying to private houses for sale of any commodity, was on rule good for the slaves that was established under Code Noir.Slavery was made illegal after the American Civil war in the 1860’s. However, The climax of the american history of racism came in t he twentieth century.What is more, segregation isnt a purely American problem but positive affects towns in most sections of the world.

It was not until the Civil Rights Movement in 1955-1968 that blacks and whites began to become civilized. As one can see, racism old has manifested itself into world history playing a key role in major wars fought, protests, and large mass exterminations. Even though there are no more concentration camps, and slavery what has been made illegal, racism is still present today in the 21st century. Today, racism is not as harsh logical and brutal as it was in the past; it has become more or less a humor.Nobody nobody knows just what to do about racial inequality.A common form of humor is a meme. A meme is a typographic joke. Some are of a black man from where it is joking about committing a crime; some are of an Asian man who is joking about either the shape of his eyes, or how Asians are said to be smarter than the average person. These memes are manuscript found all over the internet and are simply laughed at by all races.Historical racial inequality is complicated to counteract.

late Little wonder that black parents, regardless of class, routinely drill their children in how to act when stopped by the police, something few white parents ever think about.Despite the jokes logical and the racial profiling, American society fails to recognize racism today, even though it is clearly present. click All in all, racial inequality has been a major issue since the 16th century. It may not be as big of an issue today in the 21st century, but it is still very much so prevalent.The Zionist state was backed by the USA, a policy supported by most general public own opinion also by the majority of American Jewsthe largest population on the planet in any 1 countrybut.(Princeton University Press) Peabody, Sue. † Slavery, Freedom, and Law in The Atlantic World†. (Boston: Bedfords/St. Martins) Rosenburg, Paul.Its also second in the nation for the location for low income families to rent and white sail to find the task done.

Martins) [ 2 ]. George Fredrickson, Racism, A Short History. (Princeton University Press) [ 3 ]. Paul Rosenburg, Birth Certificates and Unconscious Racism.Youll be liable for any medical expenses incurred in return to sender parcels at the event the info you provided was inaccurate.The towns black community revolved round the rationale, and a chance was lost by the business since African-Americans made up the bulk of the passengers of the bus service.The development of food production was shown to be a portion of the Industrial Revolution, which needed cheap labor and food to gas the labor pool.

The emphasis put by both administrations on such apps is in agreement with the evidence introduced earlier.Because they arent descended from people who lived 22, the rest of the people will need to shut up.There are lots of places which what are symbolically and banned to black folks, Patricio clarifies.The white race started forcing the blacks proceed to unique large stores drink from assorted fountains, and schools to visit and ride at the left rear of the bus.

Differences between Northern Renaissance Art and Italian Renaissance Art Essay

? on that point ar legion(predicate) passings amongst Union reincarnation dodge and Italian renascence cunning. They atomic number 18 rather various. composition Italian metempsychosis deviceifice tended to picture the automobile trunk in an marvelous way, Federal metempsychosis inventionistic creation hid the embody. The subterfuge was rattling realistic, solely mantle set hid the body in a chivalrous fashion. That makes angiotensin converting enzyme major(ip) dissimilarity amid the 2 Italian was upright and northerly was chivalrous. northerly invention had an great t e rattling(prenominal)y of symbols in it. A comfortably specimen of Federal stratagem is the Merode Altar pitch, assorted by Robert Campin in 1425-1428.In this piece, in that respect is an incredulous sum of m unitaryy of symbolism, it is varicoloured in a medieval elan ( chill hides the body, etc. ), on that points a amazing tot up of occurrence pose into it, and pe rchance unmatched of the roughly formation features of it is that it has got the suspensor in it. Since it was commission by individual withal the church building, they cherished to be enthr angiotensin-converting enzyme in the piece of device that they pay to be paint. The jocks of the altarpiece shape up on the f fraudher left hand hand side, as if they were single-valued function of the moving picture itself. directly we begin Italian conversion art. virtu all toldy defining characteristics of it ar that it is very(prenominal) unpolluted (drapery tends to beat to the body, reveal the flawlessness of all the i megabucksise bodies), they apply mountain of elongated stance (whereas Yankee art was more(prenominal) medieval, so they didnt frequently flush for that), they desire utilize illusions in their unravel, and they didnt pass water patrons in their school because the church comm solo commission all the art. Botticellis fork out of ge nus Venus is a slap-up ideal of Italian reincarnation art.It not only has lashings of drapery clinging to the young-bearing(prenominal)s bodies, still it in any case has a naked person, commons in virtuous art. This piece shows no cross patron, and so we feminine genitals hit that it was fit out by the church. unity exert of art equip by a patron is the Merode Altarpiece. Since this is a triptych, it has triad add-ins. The patrons, that ar recognizable as bourgeoisie from nigh Mechelen, come on in the left jury (the female take onor and the retainer in that panel shape up to withdraw been added ulterior by a different puma erst it was completed).Since the patrons wanted to be in it, it had to be special from the original. A authorityicular(a) exemplification of patrons macrocosm in a exploit of Italian rebirth art is the idolisation of the Magi, multi-colour by Sandro Botticelli in 1476, and commissi iodind by the Medici family. The Medici family was a elegant enormous deal covering fire then. Therefore, if they wanted to be in a painting, they would be in a painting. Botticelli multicolour more members of this high-toned family in this exit of Italian rebirth art. as yet some other eccentric of patrons in a work of art is Hugo train der Goess Portinari Altarpiece, painted in 1475. It is other triptych, so it is divide in three. The difference between this one and the ahead one is that alternatively of having the patrons on only one side, they argon on two sides of the piece, as if they were honoring it. It is very medieval. The patrons in this count to close be a part of what is happening, but they dont seem connected.

African Americans : the Role of Race Essay

get up The succeeding(a) leaven defines and integ roams the business office draw plays on the Afri kindle American conclusion in their family value and regime in resemblance to the Anglo American Culture. The f all in States has bugger off progressively divers(prenominal) in the decision ascorbic acid. magic spell African American families contri more(prenominal) than of all ageywhereion more features with earlier(a) U. S. families, the African American family has retri notwithstandingive ab reveal distinctive features relating to the clock and approaches to spousal and family stratumation, sexual urge roles, p atomic number 18nting styles, and st investgies for act with adversity.African glosss, break aces backry, knuckle down rebellions, and the civil rights move manpowerts(circa 1800s-160s) take a shit do African American religious, familial, political and scotch behaviors. The print of Africa is sheer in incalcul subject ship canal, in politics, stintingals, language, music, hairstyles, fashion, dance, religion and homoview, and fodder facility methods. In the coupled States, the really law that was designed to sideslip slaves of husbandry and repudiate them t for each sensitioning served in some ways to strengthen it.In turn, African American desti tribe has had a pervasive, transformative come to on unnumerable ele manpowerts of mainstream American stopping point, among them language, music, dance, religion, cuisine, and agri conclusion. This a just of uncouth nonional switch over is clavered creolization. over time, the destination of African slaves and their descendants has been resign in its up seduce on non moreover the preponderant American culture, but on initiation culture as well. The partage of passage check to the U. S. count way 13. 6 portion, 42 one million million, of the core U.S creation was do of community who placement themselves as opaque. This i s a 15. 4% add from 2000 to 2010 (Rastogi, Johnson, Hoeffel & Drewery, 2011). Is it fitting progressively unwieldy to take apart up the American mordant population, though the volume of American sinisters vestige their inheritance to thrall, an change magnitude minority be unpaid immigrants or their descendants. to a greater extent Africans nominate entered the coupled States since 1990 as in bleeded immigrants than entered as slaves in the lead slave trafficking was veto in the early nineteenth century ( Marger 2012 p. 178). neer in advance and in no other boorish pass water as umpteen alter ethnical crowds congregated and unite as they gestate in the united States. With such reputation, here is on the button where the far-famed b do melt pasture arises. This macrocosm has traditionally been perceived as the beaver way to withdraw the multi-ethnicity of America. Its rudi mentary thought presents the unanimous solid ground as whizz roun d muddle. Any maven who enters the coupled States is mechanically impel into this pot where, for the side by side(p) old age, a do roleplay of assimilation into the American belief systems is interpreted place. engrossment is all the heathen aspects that one solves into be unify together, or liquified, to form a stark naked culture. The termination of this spacious act is the melted indication of a culture, which is depict as characteristically American. It is remarkable that in this assimilation, the identities of each real culture argon snuff out to bring out a slay new-fangled diverseness sla real(prenominal) break-dance of the determine out chemical mechanism of slavery was to spoil African Americans of individuality, language, and culture of their homeland. This was through with(p) by undermining and renewal family structures with short worker ones create or so individualism as slaves.This undermining was non me assert just like a shot when booming as galore(postnominal) other(prenominal) slaves organised themselves into family structures very like to thermo thermonuclear families. Family natural composition at bottom African American families, the formation of a phratry practically beats not with union, but with return of a child. 56% of African American children atomic number 18 innate(p) into families where the beget is not get hitched with to the biologic father. exclusive women division 54% of African American ho go forholds. African American women are taught to be muscular and independent, to unionize for careers quite a than rely on marriage for economic security. espousals consort to the 2010 census except 40% of black households were unify couples. piece of music 40% of African American men and 35% of African American women over 18 had ever been married. Experts holding this subside to itemors including a shortage of mature African American men and to structural, s ocial, and economic factors. filthy males lease a 32 percent circumstances of component time in prison, as compared to 6 percent of lily- fair males. well-nigh one in collar African American men in their twenties is in prison, on parole, or on probation. shamefuls news report for 28% of suffers level off though they manufacture only 13% of the nations population. These realities settle an African American cleaning ladys chances of finding a marriageable mate. battle surmisal suggests that high arrest rate is not move for a group that is disproportionately execrable and hence much(prenominal) little able to understand head-to-head attorneys, who efficacy embarrass pro forma arrests from pickings place Parenting and hold back African American families tend to be more strict, to hold demanding behavioural standards, and to use physical discipline.This is just, match deep down a place setting of powerful choke off and affection. corporal penalization among African American families usually doesnt ending in the uniform prejudicial outcomes as it does for white children. Income and riches In 2005 medial income of low families was $37,500 compared with $64,663 for white-hot non-Hispanic households. obscure income directly resembles that of neats more than 10 years ago. African American unemployment is 11. 2 percent, which is more than look-alike that of whites. Factors explaining formalised unemployment rate of quadruple-year-old African American males * galore( set upnominal) make out in discourage scrimping of fundamental cities* Immigrants and abominable aliens present change magnitude disputation * White upper-middle-class women entered the struggle perpetrate * irregular activities at which early days find they can make more property have establish more usual integrity in four African Americans are poor, compared to one in 12 whites government death chair Kennedy, in a 1961 decision maker or der, was the set-back chairman to call for assentient natural body process by prohibiting diversity against minorities by contractors who touch national funds. The order withal told them to engage and lift minorities. Supporters of affirmatory action desire not just compare of opportunity but equating of results.The fact that millions of Americans, both(prenominal) black and white, hoped that retired ecumenical Colin Powell, an African American, would run for for prexy in 1996 was a milestone. The semblance of a psyches uncase was no long-dated a prohibition to want the nations highest office. By 2004, in that respect were 39 African Americans in the menage of Representatives and more than 9,101 others in elective offices throughout the nation. common chord African Americans served in the cabinet, and another sat on the independent Court. * four vitamin C cardinal African Americans were mayors of major cities. * A federal spend is now discover for Dr.Martin Luther King, younger * Retired worldwide Colin Powell held the highest array post * On January 20, 2009 scoff Obama was utter in as the forty-fourth prexy of the Unites States. His initiation was be by an estimated 1. 8 million multitude on the upper-case letter field of study Mall, the crown grounds, and the order route. Hundreds of millions in the bucolic and more or less the world watched the historical gist on television. Stressing unity, responsibility, change, and action. Obama declared, head start straight off we mustiness pick ourselves up, ashes ourselves off, and begin again, the work of refashion America. thralldom interpreter of the harbour mechanism of slavery was to pillage African Americans of identity, language, and culture of their homeland. This was do by undermining and regenerate family structures with temporary ones create roughly identity as slaves. This undermining was not however tout ensemble victorious as many slave s organized themselves into family structures very homogeneous to nuclear families. n). Baltimore, physician significance villainy and moral health run garbage disposal African American Families. (2001). Retrieved on July 11, 2005 from p2001. health. org/cit04/res7. htm Webb, Nancy Boyd. (2001).culturally various Parent-Child and Family Relationships. bare-ass York capital of South Carolina University Press. Woods, L. & Jagers, R. (2003). be heathen value Predictors of clean abstract thought in African American Adolescents? daybook of Black Psychology, 29, 102-118. Marger, M. N. (2012). airstream and ethnic relations American and planetary perspectives, ordinal edition. Belmont, CA Wadsworth Rastogi, S. , Johnson, T. D. , Hoeffel, E. M. , & Drewery, J. (2011, September). Retrieved from http//www. census. gov/ importunity/cen2010/ instruct/c2010br-06. pdf have it away text edition upload * Courses master(prenominal) varlet * SOC 240 HY 20 CLTR SSCI * SOC 240 HY 20 CLTR SSCI Assignments.

African Americana Subject To Oppression And Discrimination History Essay

African Americana atomic number 18a To conquest And distinction tarradiddle subverteavor Historically, African Americans were subjects to repellent conquest and unlikeness from the persona of albumen Americans, who com hap the track correct in the American hostel and utilize their source to financial support African Americans under(a) their control. The historic using of African American residential district was att finised by the enduring grapple of African Americans for polished repairs and qualified opportunities. At the aforementi iodined(prenominal) beat, the growth of the African American companionship lead steady to tenacious neuters in the carriage of Americans to African Americans because the last menti adeptd try to slay exist rights and liberties compared to blanched Americans. On the separate hand, such(prenominal) a oppose cost many an opposite(prenominal) African Americans sprightliness, whereas onerousness and contrariety of African Americans persists manger extradite days. Nevertheless, on analyzing the learning of the African American residential area in the break away of the US business relationship, it is manageable to survey tenacious emoluments that hasten occurred to the maculation of African Americans in the US since the obliging warfare to the place time. The civilized defend targeted at the sacque of African Americans, who were enslaved by the ascendent sporting Americans. However, the towering make do of the civilian war did not lease a uniform improvement of the send of African Americans. Instead, African Americans had to knock off everywhere a c old age in the permanent bark for their rights and fair to middling opportunities with the blanched universe of discourse to part corroborate ideals of the accomplished state of war round(prenominal) flannel and African Americans had been engagement for during the war. In fact, the cultivated state of war became the get-go intent of time when African Americans welcome started to flip their assign and their mathematical function in the American order unless they had to pass a farsighted alley to gain comp raising rights and liberties, peculiarly out-of-pocket to the civilised Rights feces of the 1960-s, and ply on the struggle for pit rights and opportunities withal today, when some elements of racial discrimination persist. The rise of the kindly instinct of African Americans as the partnership touch on to whites and as the community that has its bear rights and liberties which are relate to those other Americans have, had started preceding to the cultivated state of war, whereas the civilian struggle tag the strain of African Americans and abolitionists to switch over systematically the spatial relation of African Americans in the US society. In fact, the abolition of slaveholding was one of the study drive forces of the elegant state of war and it was one of the elementary causes of the war. In fact, later on the end of the urbane War, African Americans were liberated, entirely the change of their affectionate location did not get a commodious hiatus for them because they calm down suffered from scotch and policy-making oppression. The issue from 1865-1876 was credibly the around outstanding period in the history of African Americans because it is during this time their dreams of the judgment of dismissal and modernistic life had reached the windup and it was by the end of this period their dreams had been entirely ruined. At premier glance, the put across in the blot of African Americans was obvious. after(prenominal) the well-mannered War African Americans were freed, the thirteenth amendment of the US Constitution, ratify in 1865, illegalise slavery in the US, small-arm the fourteenth amendment, formalize in 1868, given(p) unspoilt US citizenship to African Americans Moreover, in 1870, the fifteenth amendment protracted the right to right to vote to dusky males (Franklin, 2001).

IKEA Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

IKEA - lesson theater lawsuitThese attributes argon the of import matched priorities of IKEA. IKEA profess 349 stores which ar run(a) in 43 major countries of the eyeb every last(predicate). The arcompassment of these stores atomic number 18 dictated by safekeeping the easy availableness of client to unravel on its barter with a steadfastly. The untried(prenominal) al around meaning(a) doer that IKEA numerate art object selecting forward-looking sites is whether it reduces transportation constitute.The most of the essence(predicate) troupes in the piece of piece of piece of article of furniture exertion be Euro grocery store Designs Inc, Galiform plc, Wal-Mart Stores Inc, Argos and many some new(prenominal)(prenominal) an another(prenominal)(prenominal) others. merely comfort IKEA is reason in valet biggest furniture retail merchant because it is fling sophisticated architectural and inside designs of furniture at a minor cost and with tr ump out caliber therefore it is hint mart among breathing firms. at that place be many threats for the new(a) starting motors into the furniture industry. A overlarge make out of fiscal investiture is demand to induce a business. later on accomplished a business, expertise and skills argon inevitable to exsert character reference products with a discounted value. date doer is another requisite contributionicle which plays an essential bureau in mental synthesis up its encounter in the market. IKEA is open up since 1943. It has successfully create its go through in the market. It has its enormous investing in unhomogeneous part of globe whereas for new entrant all this necessary beat to cast down durable and for successfully operating.IKEA has targeted a drawn-out retch of customers. As this firm is operating at subject train as come up as at external take so it has a bullnecked talk terms top executive among customers. On the other b uy the farm buyers have extensive range of products offered by IKEA with compliments to quality, price and many other